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The Best of SUM
Some sample articles include: Building Your Own Spectrum Emulator, Repairing Your TS-1000, Word Processing Reviews for the 2068, UDGs on the TS- 1000, Extensive Review of the Zebra Disk System, Adding a Keyboard to the 2068, and Enhancing the A & J Microdrive. 112 pages
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print driver software for LPRINT, LLIST, and COPY included for 2068 and Spectrum modes FootePrint Interface w/software & cable $45°° FootePrint with OS-64 option included . .$65°° Bare board & instructions only ..........$20°° Cable only for use with bare board .......$15°°
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she SINCLAIR/TIMEX USERS MAGAZINE
A compilation of the best articles, reviews, programs, and hardware projects
The Best of SUM, Part II
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Time Designs Magazine Company 29722 Hult Road Colton, Oregon 97017 USA (503) 824-2658 CompuServe ID# 71350,3230
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE is published bi-monthly and is Copyright 1987 by the Time Designs Magazine Com- pany, Colton, Oregon 97017. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this magazine in whole or in part by any means without written permission is prohibited by law.
SUBSCRIPTIONS: $16.95 a year for six Issues (U.S. funds only), mailed in the U.S. No extra charge for Canada or Mexico (mailed “surface” rate). All other countries please write for information on surface and air mail rates.
CUSTOMER SERVICE: Customer satisfaction Is our goal. For subscription service problems, or any ques- tions and comments, please write or call.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Please call or write our office if there is any change in your current mailing address to prevent delay or even loss of service. The U.S. Postal Service will not always reliably forward magazines (believe us, not them!). Notify us as soon as you know of any changes.
RENEWAL TIME? To determine your expiration date, simply read the date posted in the upper-right corner of your mailing label (magazine cover). For an example, “Nov/89" would indicate that the November/December 1989 issue would be the last issue received. A form is provided elsewhere to renew your subscription. We also send one notice in case you forget. An early renewal is very much appreciated, and let us know we are doing an adequate job.
DEALERS, HARDWARE/SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS: Write for our display ad rate card, and find out how you can reach the largest number of Timex Sinclair users in North America.
TIME DESIGNS is: Managing Editor: Tim Woods Assistant Editor: Stephanie Woods
Production Assistants: D. L. Woods Don Axmaker Kim Axmaker
Photography: (unless otherwise noted) Thomas B. Judd
Printing: Al Underberg and Toad’L Litho Printing & Com- position, Oregon City, Oregon 97045.
Frequent Contributors: Joe Williamson, Paul Bingham, Wes Brzozowski, Michael E. Carver, Tim Stoddard, Earl V. Dunnington, Syd Wyncoop, Zack Xavier Haquer, Fred Nachbaur, Mike de Sosa, Joe Newman, Stan Lemke, Duncan Teague, Albert F. Rodriguez, Bill Ferrebee, William C. Andrews, Dick Wagner, Dennis Silvestri, Gale Henslee, M. Vincent Lyon, J. Kevin Paulsen, Warren Fricke, Charles E. Goyette, Kenneth Fracchia, Dennis Jurties, Floyd Chrysler, D. Hutchinson, Herb Bowers, Sr., John McMichael, and others.
international Correspondent: R. Lussier
NOTICE: Contributors to TIME DESIGNS are independent of the TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE CO., and opinions expressed in the contents of this Publication are not necessarily those of the management staf! or its adver- tisers. Time Designs Magazine Co. will not be held liable for any damage or Consequences resulting from instructions, assertions of fact, teview of pro- ducts or companies provided in the magazine's content. Itis recommended that anyone attempting to modify their computer or constructing an elec: trical project should seek help from more knowledgeable individuals.
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE
Information for all models of SINCLAIR, TIMEX, and AMSTRAD personal computers. Serving North America and the International community.
FROM THE EDITOR’S CLUTTERED DESK Tim Woods
“‘themed’’ issues
We're going to focus on a central theme for the next two issues, complete with key articles (and even some programs and product reviews). This time around, we will take a look into the area of DESKTOP PUBLISHING. This has been a favorite topic of many personal computer publications for the last couple of years and through the dedicated effort of some software developers, you can now apply this technique to our beloved Sinclair computers. Desktop Publishing gives the user some very powerful "tools" to combine both text and graphics for the development of many types of documents, including: newsletters, magazines, reports, instruction manuals, or even a letter to a friend. You don't necessarily have to be an editor.or publisher for this type of program, as much simpler applications are possible. But the Desktop- type program has really changed the way small scale publishing is performed. Magazines and Journals have literally cropped up overnight as a result.
Of course, if you: have no interest in this subject, we still offer a host of other articles and programs, as well as all of our regular features.
Our -next issue's theme will be TELECOMMUNICATIONS. Some of. you may remember our March/April '86 (Vol 2, No.3) issue, which ran an article on converting a sur- plus 2050 modem board into an RS~232 Serial port. By far, that has been our best selling back issue. I won't go into a lot of detail here, but what we have in store for the next issue, should be every bit as good (if not better). Don't miss out on the November/December '87 issue!
I'd like to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Bill Ferrebee of Mountaineer Software for his hand in de-~ signing the front cover of our Desktop issue. Bill was formally a columnist for the now defunct ‘S-HORIZONS. Currently, he is collaborating with Stan Lemke of Lemke Software Development on some hot new software packages.
Do you have an idea for a future themed issue? Send us your suggestion, and if we use it, you will get credit (where credit is due) here in this column.
Where to get your computer fixed.
Still the most popular correspondence we receive, is the question, "Where can I get my computer fixed?" If you own a Sinclair QL or Spectrum, you need to con- tact the dealer where you purchased your computer for advice. But ‘for TS1000/TS1500/Zx81 and TS2068 owners, the answer is a bit different.
Just before we went to press, we contacted Timex to get an official statement as to the status of repairs preformed by their service department. As of yet, they have not provided an answer. We should have it by next issue. One reader wrote in to tell us that they had just recently sent in a TS2068 to be repaired, and received a refurbished computer as a replacement (a practice that
Continued Next Page.
Timex has used for quite awhile—-refurbished units come from Portugal). Yet other TDM readers have reported that when they contacted the Timex Service Dept., they were told by “front office" personnel that repairs were no longer performed.
Your BEST insurance against “down time" due to a faulty computer, is to purchase a "BACK UP" computer. You can usually find a reasonable deal on a second-hand one, and if you ever have to use it, it will be worth it's weight in gold. In our office here at TOM, we have several back ups ready to go if anything ever happens. It's just too expensive NOT to have them. Our Classified section is a good source for finding a good buy on a spare computer.
We have also been contacted by a company that will
xepair Timex Sinclair computers for a very reasonable cost, called PROMISE LAND ELECTRONICS. Dan Elliott is the owner and service technician; full time he is a troubleshooter for a large supplier of computerized medical equipment and then repairs color TV's and computers part-time. Along with repair's, he will also perform modifications and will even assemble and test circuit boards. If you are interested in getting your 752068, TS1500, or 151000 (and zx81) repaired, you can
write and request a flyer that includes a price sheet of various service charges, Dan Elliott told TDM that Promise Land Electronics specializes in reasonable rates and good customer service. Write to: Promise Land Blectronics, Attention: Dan Elliott, Rt. 1, Box 117, Cabool, MO 65689. You can also phone: (314) 739-1712 evenings from 5 p.m.-9 p.m., and (417) 469-4571 week- ends.
Computer In Business.
Here is an excerpt froma letter we recently re- ceived:
I just finished reading the July/August ‘TDM and always enjoy discovering new TS products and in- formation in every issue.
I've noticed that much of TDM is devoted to programming techniques and technical information, which is great for a computer whiz and serious programmers. But how about an article on someone who uses their Timex computer system for business use?
I'm just starting out as a self-employed book- keeper and freelance weiter and I'm planning to use my TS2068. I'm aware that many “computer experts" do not consider the 1S2068 applicable for business use, but surely there must be others who either use it in business or hope to.
Hope you consider the idea...I'd be interested in reading about others who actually use their computers in business, how they went about sterting and what their systems include."
Sincerely, carolyn Bower Wooster, Ohio
A very good suggestion Carolyn. And since you asked for this, our first "spotlight" on using Sinclair's in business follows. If anyone knows of individuals or a company that ig putting an inexpensive TS to work for them in a professional setting, please contact us, and we may run the story in an upcoming issue.
Maryland Doctor Uses ZX81.
Larry Sheingorn, M.D., is an Opthamologist who practices in Rockville, Maryland. About five years ago he purchased a 2X81. This was a fully assembled model, and began to experiment in Sinclair BASIC. A year later, and he had programmed a software package called DAYSHEE? that he continues to use in his medical office today. “Daysheet" as the name implies keeps a running total of patients that are processed in one day, and what care
was administered, and the appropriate charges. The day- sheet is totalled and balanced at the end of the day, and greatly helps to simplify bookkeeping.
Daysheet is entirely written in BASIC, but requires a 64K Rampack and a full size printer. At this time, the program is set up to handle a patient load of 25, but it could be re-defined for more accounts. Built~into the program are ICD and CPT codes, which are standard medical office codes to represent medical procedures that are performed. For example if the user would type "CE", the computer recognizes this to mean "Complete Exam" and adds the correct charge to the patients record, Doctor Sheingorn's three secretaries are all trained te use the program.
“Our ZX81 runs 24 hours a day. it's never turned off, and there have been NO problems," Dr Sheingorn told
TDM. None of the typical anti-heat and Rampack crash modifications have been performed, except a little more compound was added to the heat sink. “The printer can't
be on the same table as the computer. There is too much vibration," advised Sheingorn.
Speaking of printers, the Daysheet software was originally set up to drive a Seikosha (Gorilla Banana) printer, but high volume use literally wore it out, and was replaced with an Epson.
A Memotech keyboard replaces the 2x8l's membrane keyboard, a Memotech Centronics printer interface is used, along with a Byte Back 64K Ram module. "Basically, the ZX81 ia used just as a circuit card. We have lots of them," said Sheingorn.
Another program called "Fast Office" is used for billing purposes, but was progranmed on a Commodore 64 by the doctor. He is currently converting this program te an IBM PC, which will soon replace the Commodore.
When asked about programming with the Sinclair, Dector Sheingorn replied, “Timex BASIC is suprisingly powerful, like the way it dimensions arrays. You are really only limited by memory, The BASIC is fairly straightforward...and is very similar to other versions like MicroSoft BASIC.”
JDM readers who are interested in the DAYSHEET program, or would like to contact the doctor, can write to: Larry Sheingorn, M™.D., Suite 502, 9715 medical
Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850,
Brazil’s TK 90X
In our last issue, we reported on Timex Sinclair clones which are manufactured in argentina, and also briefly mentioned another Sinclair clone from Brazil. International Correspondent, Bob Lussier, has supplied us with more details on the TK 90X, which is fully compatible with the Sinclair Spectrum, but also shows some internal copying of the TS2068.
maT MICRODIGITAL at
The Brazilian company MICRODIGITAL is the principal manufacturer and distributer of the TK90X. Tt is avail~ able in both 16K and 48K RAM configurations. Another model, the TK 95, has additional RAM and a full-sized, typeweiter-style keyboard. Microdigital has revamped the standard Spectrum ROM, by offering a few bug corrections and features. Two additional character sets may be called with just a single command, both Spanish and Portuguese—the principal language of Brazil. BASIC commands are in English.
Several years ago, Sir Clive attempted to take some legal action against Microdigital for producing the unauthorized Spectrum clone. However, through immunity provided by the Brazilian government, Microdigital is Protected against worldwide copyright laws. Many other cases of cloning and copyright violations exist through— out South America, including hardware add-ons and soft- ware packages.
Fred Nachbaur
Fred Nachbaur, is perhaps, best known for his con- tinuing campaign for interest and support in the ZXx81 {and 7S1000/151500). But Fred also has developed some outstanding software for these machines, including the game DUNGEON OF YMIR, and his newest creation-ZXx TERM*80 (see Tim Stoddard's report elsewhere in this issue), His most current software development utilizes machine code routines first introduced by Wilf Rigter, that give the user high resolution screen graphics on an otherwise low resolution computer.
Fred has been a public figure in our Sinclair community since the "early" days. He designed and sold a battery back-up system for the 2X (advertisements were ran in early SYNTAX magazines), he started SYNCWARE NEWS
Fight to remain in Canadian ‘home’ |..." frazzles Nelson man}:
By KEVIN GREFFIN and KIM PEMBERTON ‘A Kelson computer suflware prugrammer faces deportation to West Germany, despile the fuct he bas visited thal country only jonce since he was a chal Frederick Nachiaur is not considered a Canadian citizen by Imumagrution Cauda, even tnough ine rest of his family are Car
We Sa his rce-yea Teg ale
July 8/87
Vancouver Sun -
and after he gave up the title ef publichex/editer, con- tinves to advise and write for the newsletter. Pred hag also penned some recent programs and arti in recent issues of TIME DESIGNS.
But Fred hasn't seen exposure like he has in the last few months. Appearing on TV, Radio and in the local newspapers, Fred's three year legal battle with Canada's Immigration Service has created quite a stir here in the northwest, but most notably in British Columbia, Canada (his current homeland).
‘The Canadian government had been threatening with deportation because they did not consider Fred to be a citizen even though his parents are. Fred was born in West Germany in 1951, but his parents emigrated to Canada when he was 11 months. At a young age, the family once again moved for a short time to the U.S. Fred re- mained in the U.S. to attend college. His troubles began when he returned to Canada some years later.
The situation appears to be resolved now. Due to the tremendous press coverage the case had received, the Inmigration Service has relented and will grant Fred "Landed Immigrant" status shortly.
We here at TIME DESIGNS wish the best for Fred and are happy thet this situation may be over. Remenber, you can get in touch with Fred through his company, Silicon Mountain Computers, C-12, mtn. stn. Group Box, Nelson, B.C., Canada VIL 5Pl.
QL’s Price Hits Bottom $99.00 for complete unit
A+ Plus Computer Response of Sullivan, New Hamp- shire, the company that purchased the remaining stock of Sinclair QL's (U.S. version), is apparently attempting to deplete their inventory of some two thousand QL's, They have announced that the Qb's price until the end of the year will be $99.00, which includes the PSION suite of business programs.
Sharp's, Inc. of Mechanicsville, Virginia, has also announced that they currently have units in stock for the new price of $99. Other OL dealers have similar deals available.
When the current stock of U.S. Qls is depleted, there will be no more units available. Unless Amstrad follows up on the rumor that has been circulating. Reports indicate that they may release a new computer model based on the Sinclair QL's design.
More QL news from the U.K.
Dear Mr. Woods,
Thank you for publishing my letter in the May/June issue of TIME DESIGNS. Since the letter was written, time has moved on, and a few of the statements need to be updated.
1. The "QL compatible" 68000 based Sandy FUTURA machine was seen in prototype form at a recent U.K. Microfair, The machine was running 0S9 and occasionally ccashed. Rumor has it that the Futura will make its first working appearance with a QD0S compatible op- erating system as an IBM "plug-in" card rather than as a stand-alone machine. Unlike the THOR machine, the stand- alone Futura will not use existing QL circuit boards within its shell,
2. The THOR 20 prices in my last letter were relative to the standard THOR prices. In fact, all the prices have changed and they now start at £1179.00! The Thor 20 is regarded as a stop gap machine before CST nove away from using the QL circuit board towards a more “pure” 68020 32 bit bus system, It's performance is
disappointing for a 68020 system, but it is faster than a QL.
Continued On Page 5.
ALSO AVAILABLE FOR THE T/S 2068
POWERFUL AND INEXPENSIVE BUSINESS SOFTWARE FOR 2X81, T/S1000 and T/S1500 COMPUTERS
ZX-TEXT
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A word processor is to a computer user what @ \ypewriter is to a typist, except that the former has more advantages than the latter. 2X-Text can operate in 15-64K RAM providing from 1300 to 6500 words per document. It features 6 different options: write, read, edit, print, save and clear text, Text is wrtten on a per-line basis with quick speed and with horizontal back-space and delete capabililies being available You can also access the editor directly from write mode and vice-versa. Text can be proot-read on a per-line basis allowing for enough time to determine if any editing is needed. The tex! editor allows a line of text to be deleted, inserted, replaced and listed for editing. You may also change a word ot expression within a line, stop or start text while is scrolling up tne screen, begin reading text from the first jine of the file, re- enter write mode trom the editor, return to the main-menu or create @ window so that you can read-edit two files simultaneously. The print option takes text displayed in 30-column format on the screen and outputs to either the Z2X/TS printer. (With Memotech’s Centronics Parallel interface 80-column and lower/ higher - case output is possible) Files may be saved on tape cassette with the use of ‘one single command, or by the same token they can be erased from memory / storage sothat the full capacity of the program can be used for other purposes such as composing letters, reports, articles, memos, standard forms, instructions, ads, graphs, telephone directory, lists of customers, members, friends..etc. Also copies of files are always less expensive and easier to run than using a photocopier. Other advantages are savings in time, paper. ink, corracting mistakes and adding afterthoughts more efficiently than doing them through either handwriting or using @ typewriter
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An electronic spreadsheet caiculator is the ‘fundamental basic toolfor summarising, reporting and analyzing in matrix form any accounting, mathematical or scientific manipulation of num- bers. ZX-Caic operates in 32-64K RAM andattords: a maximum of $360 characters /spreadsheet. The ‘entire matrix consists of 15 columns (letters AO). and 30 rows (numbers 1-30) with B characters/ cell. Untixe other popular ESCs, ZX-Cale uses in calculations and within cells all 14mathtunctions on the ZX-81 /TS1000. it oers a unique “SUM function that totals one or more rows /columns simultaneously. Parenthesis can be used within equations. There is no fixed limt on how many equations may be entered. Formulas may be stored in all 420 cells of the spreadsheet. The display affords 1 5 rows /colums. Loading ot data into more than one cell can occur across /down ‘one or more row/column simultaneously. With vertical windowing you can arrange a set of col- umns in any order, or practice using fixed-variable- alignment display formats. The menu offers 6 options: enter /erase, move, calculate, print, save and clear the spreadsheet. Enter /erase allows the entering, deletion or data alignment within a cell through the use of a mobile cursor. Withthe move option you may move around the ertire sreadsheet to access any row, column or cell. The calculate option allows youto enter labels, values or formulas into a ceil or write and enter ‘equations that will actupon the data already within the spreadsheet. You can also enter bar grapns into a celiinthis option. Absolute /relative replica- tion, down/ across acolumn/row, isalsoallowed by this option. Also this option allows the auto- matic calculation of the entire spreadsheet with ‘one single command. Printallows youtooutputto ‘ether the ZX/TS printer theentirespreadsheet by column-sets and row-pages through use of the COPY command. Theentire spreadsheet maybe saved on cassette tape or you may clear all data from it or erase the program from RAM entirely. ‘The most salient advantage provided by an ESC over specifically vertical applications softwareis that an ESC provides a reusable framework with which you can compose any specific financial model rather than just belimitedto only one stati- cally fixed format for storing, displaying and manipulating numerical data.
$16.95
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ZX-CALENDAR
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Time management is an important aspectot ‘any serious business and personal agenda Pianning how to spend our time leaves us better prepared before and while we are spending it and we remain better organized after we finish spending it. ZX-Calender operates in 16-64K RAM affording 25 appointments in 16K, 100 in 32K or 180 in 48K and 64K. Each appointment record nolds a maximum of 220 characters, The main menu includes enter, search/check/sor, change, save, clear and print any and all appointments made on a specific date or with any party, Qutput to either the ZX/TS printer is permissible. This program will permit you to remember to do something or to be somewhere important by cataloging your answers to six questions that you mustaccount for in order not to waste time when it is scarce: when, with whom, at what time, for how tong, where and what are you going to discuss and conclude when you get together with someone else? The program lets you permanently originate, record, classify, search, sort, calculate, modify, summarize, obtain a written report and store your answers to the preceding questions so that you will not forget what you decide 10 do with your time. This program identifies your time according to when you are going to spend it and with whom you are going to share it. Through these forms of labeling appointments you are able to verity or modity how your time is budgeted without wasting ink, paper or moretime trying to remember wnat you said to yourself or what someone else said to you or where you placed certain writien messages that you now can't find. With this program you will know where you can ting exactly what you need to know about where you want to and nave tobe, or where you nave been, before you get and after you got there, Thus, 2X- ‘Calender wili let you plan your time so that you will never have to worry about what is ahead or what came before, lor you will always know, by using it, to never be caught astray by any time-frame.
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News From the Dealers
CURRY COMPUTER (P.O. Box 5607, Glendale, AZ 85312, phone 602-978-2902) has acquired a large amount of all brand new TS1000/ZX81 merchandise. Such items include the Timeworks Computer Control Center $19.95, Mindware Printers $24.95, and T/S BASIC books $3.95. The folks at Curry also found some brand new TS1000 computers and 16K Rampacks sitting all alone in a warehouse. They are selling both for $34.95 plus $4 S&H. Call or write for shipping charges for individual items. Also, prices quoted are "sale prices" and are subject to change.
Is there a resurgence of interest in the TS1000? Recently, the HOME SHOPPER CLUB, those zany folks on cable television networks who are ready to snatch your plastic money, put up for sale a computer "package". Yep, you guessed it...the computer was a TS1000 and in- cluded the 16K Rampack and some Timex software. Their "suggested retail price” was a whopping $200, but actual "club price" was $50. But would you believe they sold over 1000 packages!! Folks, it's time to get out your back issues of SYNTAX, and dust off the ol! TS/ZxX.
BUDGET ROBOTICS & COMPUTING (Box 18616, Tucson, AZ 85731) now stocks 2X81/TS1000 spare parts, including: the ULA chip (IC1), 64K ROM, membrane keyboard, 5 and 8 way PCB keyboard connectors, case screws and rubber
BUDGET ROBOTICS & COMPUTING (Box 18616, Tucson, AZ 85731) now stocks ZX81/TS1000 spare parts, including: the ULA chip (IC]), 64K ROM, membrane keyboard, 5 and 8 way PCB keyboard connectors, case screws and rubber feet. Budget Robotics' obtains these parts from England to support their robot-building clientele. Write for a price list.
Have you seen the TS1000 clone that AMERICAN DESIGN COMPONENTS (62 Joseph St., Moonachie, NJ 07074, phone 800-524-0809) is selling for $29.95 (+ $5.99 for S&H)? ‘The clone has been advertised as being "compatible with the Timex 1000". Actually, only a small amount of TS software will load. SILICON MOUNTAIN COMPUTERS (C-12, Mtn, Stn. Group Box, Nelson, B.C., Canada VIL 5P1) has a solution! Fred Nachbaur has developed an interpreter ROM for the PC8300, that will allow approximately 99% of the Timex software to load. Everything but the newest: high- resolution software, but Fred is. working on that one too! The price of the new EPROM kit is $14.95 ppd. (U.S. funds).
Speaking of the PC8300 Timex "clone", it's gaudy green color has earned it the nickname, "Green Hornet".
WMJ DATA SYSTEMS (4 Butterfly Dr., Hauppauge, NY 11788, phone 516-543-5252) has acquired the publishing and marketing rights to THOMAS B. WOODS' programs: 2X PRO/PILE and PRO/FILE 2068. Prices for the software packages aré $19.95 and $29.95 respectively and include the original manuals written by Thomas Woods. 2X Pro- File is the most comprehensive database ever written for the TS1000/ZX81. Pro/File 2068 was a complete re-write for the TS2068, and offers more features than the ZX version. Thomas Woods has now gone on to write both a successful database progran for the IBM PC called PINDEX and PC oriented articles for magazines.
Take note that NOVELSOFT has a new address and phone number: 35 Candle Liteway, Willowdale, Ontario, Canada M2R 335, phone 416-665-0290. David Ridge recently turned over the company to his partner, Ariel Frailich, due to a move and a career change. We are glad to see this excellent software house will continue to market their Timex Sinclair programs.
— CHIA-CHI CHAO (73 Sullivan Drive, Moraga, CA 94556)
will send you his latest product catalog for the 1TS1000 and TS2068 (also the Aerco FD-68 disk system), if you send in a legal SASE.
Another catalog available for the TS1000 and TS2068 is available from T & C SERVICES (20 Liberty Terrace, Buffalo, NY 14215, phone 716-834-1716). We were quite impressed with the large variety of software titles featured in this catalog. Write for your copy.
LEMKE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (2144 White Oak, Wichita Kansas, 67207) announced that they are publishing a FREE quarterly newsletter for users of their new Desktop programs. To receive your copy of the PIXEL PRINT PRESS newsletter, send 4 legal SASE to Lemke Software. ‘The "Pixel Print Press" will feature hints, tips, new icons, and user news...and you don't even have to own the Pixel Print software to subscribe.
Remember the Rotronics WAFADRIVE? While supplys last, you can now buy one for £18.00 (around $30.00 U.S.) from a company in England: LOGIC SALES LTD., 17 Leofric Square, Eastern Industry, Peterborough, Cambs., England. This is a special "close-out" deal. The Wafa- drive is Spectrum system, and requires both an emulator anda "twister" board in order to operate it on the 52068. A&J wafers will work on the Rotronics.
A&J MICRODRIVE is now called "A&J Assembly". There is also a new address and phone number: 2042 Aiello Dr., Suite "C", San Jose, CA 95111, (408) 281-0100.
Mike de Sosa's new book "TAKING THE QUANTUM LEAP: THE LAST WORD ON THE SINCLAIR Qi" has received favorable comment from Europe. Watch for upcoming reviews in QL WORLD Magazine and QUANTA User Group Newsletter. The book is exclusively published and marketed by TDM (29722 Hult Rd., Colton, OR 97017, phone 503-824-2658).
Reports are, that Larry Kenny of LARKEN ELECTRONICS (RR#2:Navan, Ontario, Canada K4B-1H9), may be modifying designs on his RAMdisk memory upgrade for the Timex Sinclair 2068. | Internal banks of RAM may be used rather than the original designs first suggested, and also less RAM than the original 256K. Regardless, Larry needs to hear from TIME DESIGNS readers if you are in- terested in additional memory for your TS2068. This is a valuable project, but will need to have substantial support and interest to be a success. Drop Larken a postcard, if you would like details on RAM upgrades for your computer.
Great TS User Groups
--check them out! Have we listed your group's information lately? Send us the club's name/address for publication. Get noticed. Bring in new members!
Dallas Timex/Sinclair/Amstrad Users Group P.O. Box 153421 Irving, TX 75015
Harrisburg Area Timex Sinclair Users Group c/o Dave Bennett
329 Walton St. (Rear)
Lemoyne, PA 17043
Vancouver Sinclair Users Group c/o Rod Humphreys
2006 Highview Place
Port Moody, B.C.
Canada V3H 1N5
Indiana Sinclair-Timex Users Group c/o Frank Davis 513 E. Main St. Peru, IN 46970
Long Island Sinclair Timex User Group P.O. Box 438 Centerport, NY 11721
Capitol Area Timex Sinclair Users Group P.O. Box 467 Fairfax Station, VA 22039
Fort Worth Timex Sinclair User Group 4424 Geddes Ave. Fort Worth, TX 76107
Herb’s BASIC “One-Liners”’ Herb Bowers, Sr
Here are a couple of nifty one-liners from the "ABBA SOFT Super Sub Shop", that some of you may be in- terested in. "We gotta million of 'em folks" and from time to time we would like to share them with you.
There are a few draw backs in the use of PAUSE 0 on the 152068. First of all, PAUSE cannot be released with the joystick button, and second, if you are using a color TV for your monitor, you get a lot of distortion in a color program display during PAUSE.
On the TS1000 PAUSE O can be simulated with PAUSE 44, but the disadvantage is the annoying "jump" when any PAUSE is used.
On malt-player games on the TS2068, a function is activated by a player using a key or button (to activate a one armed bandit, spin or stop a "wheel", etc.). It is necessary for all participants to hover over the key- board waiting for their turn. It is so much better to have one player at the keyboard making the needed key- board entries and the other player(s) using a joystick button to initiate their turns.
The system I use on my TS2068 is a one line "catch all" simlated PAUSE 0 sub-routine, that not only allows release with the right or left joystick button, but also
from the keyboard, along with a “count down" timer option. PSEUDO PAUSE @ S5uUB 1 FOR f=O0 TO 4: LET fale STICK (2,1)<3@ OR STICK (2,23 638 OR INKEY $= Pe NEXT f RETURN
After you have keyed-in the above line, enter as a direct command GOSUB 1. Now press either the right or left joystick button or the space bar. You will get an "ok" code at the bottom of the screen. You can change the INKEYS="" to any character you want, to release the pause, or to INKEYS$=CHRS 13 and only ENTER will release the pause.
If you are a little "heavy fingered", you can put a delay in using the following instead
PSEUDO PAUSE © SUB WITH DELAY 4_FOR f=1 TO 20: NEXT Ff: FOR fFe@ TO 1: LET * STICK (2,4)
IR STICK NEXT F Perhaps you had better type in the following test module to illustrate this. 1@@ GOSUB 1:PRINT “ok Now enter the command GOTO 100. There are times when it is nice to have a count~ down timer to limit the amount of time the player has to make up his/her mind. Try the following.
PSEUDO PAUSE @ SUS WITH TINER:
2 LET t222:FOR f=0 TO 4: LET tet=.041- PRINT AT_O,0; INT i; 7" Let f=# STICK (2,8) (yo OR STIC K “(B,1) 620 D8 INKEYS=s" "OR Lx NEXT FO RETURN
This gives you a 10 second count down. To change count- down time, change the value of "t" in the first state- ment to 1 more than the number of seconds you want. The decimal -.041 can be adjusted to speed up or slow down the count according to your area, program length or the
heat and humidity. Use the same test routine as above to test this sub.
Ok, mow for the good old TS1000. I don't have mine anymore (sure wish that I did), but here is the one- liner for a pseudo PAUSE 0 without the "jump". Sure you can accomplish it with a FOR/NEXT loop, but that takes a minimum of 3 lines. Let's do it with one.
NO JUMP PAUSE 9 FOR THE Tvs 1000
(2,2) ¢>0 OR INKEYS=
":G0TO 100
20 GOTO 10+ (INKEYS <C>")
That's it! Now RUN [ENTER]. See it really works. The
above routine will drop thru to the next program line. Always change the numeric value to the line you put the routine on.
So maybe you don't want to drop to the next program 100.
line. Let's say that you want to skip to line Use the following.
Ok!
40 GOTO n+i(INKE, In the above, n=current line. n =n. So you want to jump to line 100 from line make n=10 and n2=90...
I really hope that you can put the above one-liners to good use. Let us know if you would like to see more. Editor: Herb Bowers is chief owner and programmer for ABBA SOFT. Write to him c/o TDM or direct to: 2588 Woodshire Circle, Chesapeake, VA 23323
10,
then
Get Lucky
Bill Ward
With many states now offering lotteries, the desire for help in making your selection of a "good" number is probably universal. The following short program for the TS2068 will select 6-digit "lucky" numbers in a rather unique way.
The variables: n, y, z, a, by and c, are the 6 digits we are seeking. However, each is randomly varied from 0 to 9 in lines 150 to 200. At the same time, variable "f£" is randomly varied from 0 to 6 in line 130. Now as the loop (line 140 to 250) operates, "x" is trying to match "£" while the n, y, z,-a, by c, vari- ables are merrily changing values randomly, and when "£" does match "x", then the super-randomly selected number appears!
After the listing is completed, try it out. time to time, the program will stop with an error therefore you must enter the followin
210 ON ERR GOTO 130 Now BEFORE you RUN this, you must SAVE it! Otherwise once you run the program with line 210 in place, it will not SAVE, nor can you LIST it.
Hopefully those who WIN using this program will send me a postcard at: P.O. Box 556, Grand Island, FL 32735, telling me the good news! GOOD LUCK!
S REM © Bill Yard 971787 20 PRINT TAB 4; "LOTTERY NUMBER
From code,
SELECTOR”
a8 PRINT |: PRINT "Random selec PRINT “RUN until ju number i Printed! *
DIM ag (10) RANDOMIZE @
LET a$="0123458789" LET FSINT (RND#S) +2 FOR x=1 TO Ff
LET n=INT (RND#10) CET ysINT (RNDe1as LET Z=INT (RND#i0) CET s=INT (RND#10) CET bSINT (RND#10) LET CeINT_(RND#10)
IF x THEN PRINT AT 12.12; ab in) 4a ty) ag Cy) +28 (e) 495 (bi 48s ¢
330 BEEP .15,5: BEEP .15,5: BEE Pp .is.5 240 IF THEN BEEP_.15,5
P_.15,5: BEEP 258 NEXT x B69 PRINT AT 24,6; "YOUR LUCKY N UMBER!"
+15,5: BEEP 1,10
NEW PRODUCTS ANNOUNCEMENT
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* A useful and educational program * Includes 2068 & Spectrum versions
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* No programming language to learn * Two example knowledge bases
* On-line help * Superb Manual with Tutorial plus...
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WHICH SYSTEM DO YOU USE?
Reader Tips and Hints for Mass-Storage
ZEBRA/TIMEX FDD DISK SYSTEM
Doug Gangi
DISK HANDLE
280 PRINT #1;AT 0,0. "HET A KEY"
This program makes sote of the more commonly used commands oe Zebns FOD-eyetem eacier foes. i created. ”Eh piearan _PAUSE 0 e . I got so tired of trying to delete a block of OL RUN P ir one of my disk I decided that thine would be sc 300 CLE FRINT "FORMAT much @asier & I could make a program » handle some of the BiG INPUT "Format disk im A or command: Erase Move or mat ete. This) program wilt B? "ihe ake Ti for you if you want to move programs from one 320 INPUT “Name? "ins disk to format, rename, and erase programs. It is a 330 FORMAT tné 10 he ort ide) program sc feel free to customize the 940 60: TH she CAT * progpan in.any way your heart’ desifes, 3S0 PRINT HLIAT G.0:"HIT & KE PAUSE Os RUM : ns “Name of 400 CLS + PRIN "RENAME Led Stk SO INPUT "Drive Avon i! gs ier o, dis GoTo 4386 CAT ot ; 420 PRINT Whitt O00 "HTT 6 FEY h progra PAUSE © tent Era c 930 INPUT “Program ck qu Vek to disk tr THEN eu pons ' 4) Rename # aas IF THEN RUN ama 6 TOM Haneee mane 440 INPUT "New name? "ins atalog THEN CLS 5a Ta + 50 LET tnt 10 ne ; at hol NIT ase Sn 10 aso o TO fand: 6 S60 INPUT "Drive @ or BD gs ; 0 5 CLE 152 80.70 40 age pRoaRaNe To svave: cAT 510 GO 10 4gsu C N = iS SP PRINT #1/AT 0,0; "HIT A KEY" S20 PRINT #1 A KEY 810 INPUT "Da or B? “sas acres. dopa 120 GO TO tas 130 CLS) GAT 135 PRINT #1:AT 0,0 A KEY a Tir THE OLD, SILVER TIMEX DRIVES PAUSE 0 @ OF the problems with the old Timex disk drive aystaw is 140 PRINT AT 15,0: "Which progra the power supply gets extremely hot using. 2 drives. The et ulin BUEERTER: Ue cecurne te checn Bei, te aovde chim sropian Leste wap, A WUE IO: Van
main menu or CH ko awitch drive that’s also an expensive way). Being a Frugal Bancee eo Gain I decided there hag to Se a less expensive way. iSo INPUT n$+ IF nse*" THEN -RU in my storage room...the drilt, So, why not put P the case for better ventilation (the only portals Y for coating In the Timex power supply are in the top ang cn the 160 1F CH" THEN 62 TO 116 Beinn nbegisorasedss | 165 IF *" THEN GO TO 130 Tf you turn over the pewer supply, you will see the 4 170 ERASE tn rubber feet. Resove these a! 4 Will see the screws that hold 180 GO TO 140 the case together. [ drilled my ncles on both sides of the case Boo OL: PRINT “DISK TRANSFER" toward the rear (where the heat sink ties). [ drilled 12 es 1) From A to B"*"2) From B cn each side, For more breathability, 7 also driiled more hotes INPUT q botton of the case Unen you reassemble the power IF q=1 THEN GO TO #"a"ds £ = roganees AHUE SUpPly averhests and you Won’ "Name of disk BP she: GO TO iis " §
AERCO FD—-69
Fo-66 Disc SYSTEM
DISC INTERFACE :
Mowgli Assor
This article is mainly for those of you who like to tinker, and a knowledge of Z80 machine code is very helpful. It is also helpful if you have HOT-2 2068, ZEUS Assembler, or some other assembler package.
The routines that are listed, took me about 3 weeks to perfect! This shows that doing the code to actually access the disc is VERY finicky. The routines have been tested on ROM revisions 8.8 through.8.9, so if you have these ROM revisions and the routines don't work, the first thing that you should check is whether anything was mistyped.
Before actually accessing the routines, it always helps to actually turn on the drive! This is NOT done automatically. Calling 3542h will turn on drive A, 3547h will turn on drive B, etc.
When actually accessing the sector routines, you first need to set up certain registers with the drive parameters. The following parameters are required:
LD B,<Track number > LD C,<Sector number > LD HL,<Buffer address> After loading up these parameters, and loading chunk 1 from the dock bank, you can CALL 3556h for read or CALL 3568h for write. The following is a rough flowchart showing how a routine would read a sector off of disc. Following the flowchart is the routine in Z80 assembler code.
START ~~
Do IN 244 ~~ -- Save result for later --
=~ Do OUT 244 with chunks ~~ -- 0 & 1 enabled -~
=~ CALL 3542h to turn ON drive ~-
-- LD registers B,C, & HL -- =~ with parameters ~—
=~ CALL 35S6h to READ sector --
w> CALL 35e2n to turn OFF drive
- RETurn to BASIC code --
OLIGER
The 260 assembly code goes something
like this +
PUSH AF ’
PUSH BC 5
PUSH HL 5 7 the return IN A, (F4h)
PUSH AF 3 Keep bank status
for later
oR 3 } Make sure to set
chunks 0 & 1 OUT «(F4n),A ; Enable chunks -- If needed, the change side -~ -- select routine goes here --
CALL S5a2n 5 LD BC,Ot A
Switch drive A ON
Load B = track, C= sector
Load HL = buffer address
Read 1 sector
Turn drive A OFF
LD HL,SAGGh 5
CALL 35uen 4; CALL 3562h 5
POP AF
OUT (F4n),A 5 Set things back to normal
POP HL sy
POP BC 5 > Get stuff back
POP AF rene for RET
RET
To use the above routine to write instead of read, change the "CALL 3556h" to "CALL 3568h". The parameters should, of course, be set up exactly the same way. To use a different drive, change the "CALL 3542h" above to "CALL 3547h" for drive B, 354Ch for drive C, or 3551h for drive D.
The above routine works well for a single-sided drive, but what about side 2 (side 1, according to the AERCO I/F itself)? A little bit mst be added to the above routine to account for changing sides.
This is the change side select routine:
LD A, 3 LD A with 3 side select 0 for side 1, 3 1 for side 2 Lo mAs Set it up When this routine is executed, chunk 1 MUST be enabled, as otherwise you will be trying to write to
ROM. 3FEBh translates into 16363 decimal, and you may wish to PUSH AF in the above routine and then reload the side select before you RETurn to BASIC.
In using the routines, I have found it the to POKE the parameters into the machine and then RANDOMIZE the above routines.
Enjoy, and keep Timex-ing!
easiest: code routines,
SAFE DISK SYSTEM V2.2
Dick Wagner
This report updates my article on the DOS V2.1 System (see TDM Jan/Feb '87) to V2.2 system.
There is now a MOVE /"FILENAME" TO n command, to transfer an individual file from one disk to another drive. (Even with my combination of 3" and 54" drives.) Now you can unmix various files and put them in order as explicit groups.
VERIFY will find a file by name and check the data for any errors. There is also an auto-VERIFY that goes into action on each SAVE.
Another improvement is in making FORMAT quieter, as now only one pass of the head is
This is an unusual bit of news: another DOS (not Kingsley's) is out on the market that works with the Oliger system. Abbeydale Design's SPDOS is available and works as the Ramex system.did. Thus files made on a Ramex system can be used with the Oliger SAFE system. Some RAM is used as about 4K of memory is required. Details on the SPDOS are available by writing to the John Oliger Company (11601 Whidbey Dr., Cumberland, IN 46229).
OLIGER SAFE the current
and MOVE required.
fo)
A MERGE /"PILENAME" command. is béing promised, even though the SAFE DOS EPROM is getting father full. It is possible that use will be made of BRAM for some future commands.
The John Oliger Company now has two software im- provements available: one helps select SAFE routines from Machine Code, and also a great index program that works in /O file (1 1/2K). This program reads the CATALOG names and the user has an arrow to move to the selected file and on ENTER, the program is loaded. No more listing file names! A neat way to keep that index current. Any time a file is saved, the program just reads the added name. However, only the file name is displayed and not the other information that CAT dis- plays. If there are several files with the same name but Saved as BASIC, CODE, DATA, etc., then CAT must be used also.
The index program is part machine code and is fast. At first I was using this program on a disk without files, so it really didn't show much. Then when I put the program onto a disk with files, it was apparent how
AAT MICRO DRIVE SYSTEM
Larry Zunk
SOOO OOO GOGO OG IGG OOOO AGOGO GOGO Fu 2 Ze Ee oO F THE mM O N TT H OOOO OO AOS OIC OOO GOES E EEOC SGOOG EI IGOOIOGKGG G O #8 ok Cedric R. Bastiaans ve a bag of 1 coins, conta ang sliar denominations. alue is #5 (five d program for our computers
penny.
coin ANSWER ON PAGE 14
WMI Data System Se ee 4 Butterfly Dri eee Hauppauge, HY 1178S
The Best Are Back pre 2068 bast homes B. T: Woods has ee i Faget Fe: of oe see os ein a Tsaone me he est So! Ware pac! ey ave a ae heir Hines; it is igien SRE Hele retrieval too! Driviiege to Br: ing them € to” you. Mt siex irs Written by ‘Plomas Mr. Hoods, has written what most + eSctives, files. consi to be the past data 5B. +Order. er rograns for th imesc/Sin: lair ine. +Mu lord search capability. rst he wrote ax re + TAA a file cane: 3 pclagr 2 2X on t. e. HinexSinclsi aly H 7 1! e
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Sorcwacell iw] evelopment
Memory/Trace Using Interrupt Mode 2
by Floyd Chrysler
Having a 280 processor in the Timex 2068 gives the user a
With this thought in mind, I dug aut some old code I had
pouerful suite of instructions to use. One of the most useful been working on to provide a constant display of how much memory is IN@. This instruction allows the user to divert interrupts was available and a trace of basic program line numbers, 1 set to their oun routines to do almost anything imaginable, up the routine to load a vector table and initialize inz upon entry. The routine will start by displaying the amount of free
In normal operation the processing is interrupted 60 times space available. By pressing enter and K, at the same time, the
@ second so the CPU can update the screen and read the keyboard. routine will switch to The CPU then returns to the next instruction it was to have program cuns. executed if an interrupt had not occured. IN@ ellows us to be read, you will execution. By pressing enter routine will return
assume contro! and execute some instructions before returning From the interrupt.
display line numbers as your Basic A delay has been built in so the line numbers can
slowing down of your program's and J, at the same tima, the
displaying free space. To stop the
routing completely press enter and L at the same tima, To start The problem with using IM2 in the 2068 is that the 280 the routine or restart after pressing enter and L use RANDOMIZE.
assumes thet an interrupting device will place one byte of data USER 65261.
on the data bus. It then combines this byte with the I register to Form an address. At this address it expects to find a
I have provided a Basic program to load the code. Type it in
second value, the routine address to which control is to be and save it before running. Once keyed in, and saved, run the passed. program to poke the code into manory. Save the cade using Save
*mentrace” CODE 65021, 464.
To start the routine use RANDOMIZE
In the Spectrum this works very nicely, as the data bus USER 65281. Any keying errors may cause your machine to crash so aluays contains 255 (FFh), due to the way the hardware was double check the date statements very carefully.
designed. A person wanting to use IM@ can always count on the value being placed in the I register will be concatonated with
I hope that this routine gives you a good example of how IMz
FF to forman address. With the 2068, at the time of an can be used and spurs you on to develop some good routines to
interrupt, the data bus will have any value From O to 255, This share here.
makes it impossible to predict uhat will be combined with the registers.
In the Sept/Oct 1985 Sinc-Linc (From the —‘Taronto Timex-Sincleir Users Club) Bob Mitchell suggested that by setting aside 256 bytes, for a vector table, IM@ could be effectively used. By loading a vector table with the same byte, no matter what valus was Found on the data bus, it would find the proper routine address.
TOO OOOO CCUG TCO COO OOOO OOOOQOR SOOO DOR OOO OOOO SIGS OOOO INK
continued next page
SOLUTION OF THE FUZZLE OF THE MONTH JOO COG OOOO OOO OOOO UCC OCG OOGO GGG OOOO OOOO OOOO OOOO OOOO I AT
We will assume the bag to contain x pennies, y dimes and z halfdollars. There can not be less than 10 pennies (the total value of the bag would never come ta an even $5). For the same reason, x can only increment by 10 and the maximum for x is
90,
The number of dimes is limited to 44 so as to leave room for 10 pennies and 1 half- dollar. And it would still not be a solution, since there would be only 55 coins to
total $5!
In a similar reasoning, z can not be more than
Thus we write the following program:
10 FOR X=10 TO 90 STEP 10
20 FOR Y=1 TO 44
30 FOR Z=1 TO 9
40 REM SUM: LET S=X+Y+Z
SO REM VALUE: LET V= X+10%Y+50%Z
60 IF S=100 AND V=500 THEN PRINT X;" PENNIES"’;
70 NEXT Z BO NEXT Y 90 NEXT X 100 STOF
In about a minute, your TS2068 will print the answer:
60 pennies = $0.40 39 dimes = $3.90 lhalf$ = $0.50
100 coins = $5.00
14
and probably much less.
“ DIMES"? 3Z3" HALFDOLLARS"
CEDRIC R. BASTIAANS
BASIC Listing Memory/Trace Using Interrupt Mode 2
068 Program: ss Assembly Listing
93,26,242
Example Routine IreRaue® MODE
Food ~ Fee Ge Fe FENG ~ FPF 68052 = G8545 — AVATLAGLE
TeRRUPT MODE
en
CURRENT STATEMENT NUMBER
: Paha
Time Designs Magazine Company 29722 Hult Road
Colton, Oregon 97017 USA og
(503) 824-2658
me
nem
ALARM CLOCK
Kenneth Fracchia
Does your TS2068 usually sit on a shelf doing
nothing at all? Here is a program just for you. Your computer will be transformed into a full-time digital alarm.clock and timer. Unlike most alarm clocks, two separate alarm times can be set, or you can set the alarm times about ten minutes apart, and the later time will act as a "snooze" alarm. Although the alarm times and the current time will be displayed, you do not need a television or monitor to use the alarm feature.
‘Type the program into your computer and save it using the command GOTO 9999. Now “ALARM CLOCK" will automatically. start when you LOAD it. Since you may not be using a display, a BEEP signal will tell you when the program has been loaded. Now you can set the two alarm times and the start time, following the two steps below for each time.
1. Depress ONE of the following letters: set the Start Time set Alarm A set Alarm B
2. Depress the number and letter keys in the order that they would appear on a digital clock. Do not leave spaces, and do not use the SHIFT or ENTER keys. Also, "AN" or "PN" must follow the numerical time.
Any of the above times can be set in any order, and can be changed by setting them again. To use the clock
only, it is not necessary to set any alarm times. De- pressing CAPS-SHIFT and BREAK together will RUN the pro- gram, clearing all previously set times.
Example: The clock will be started at 8:30 PM, and you want the alarms to sound at 7:25 AM and 11:05 PM. Depress the keys as follows-—"T830PMA725AMB11O5PM".
To use "ALARM CLOCK" as a timer, set the start time to OOOPM or OOOAM. Set one of the alarm times to the
number of hours and minutes to be counted. Example: You want the alarm to sound in 5 hours and 32 minutes. Depress the keys as follows—- "TOOOPMAS32PM". The maxi- mum time can not be more than 12 hours and 59 minutes, and, if the starting time is followed by "AM", then the alarm time should be followed by AM too.
If you are not using a television or monitor, you should verify all set times. Depress "VI" to verify Start Time. "VA" and "VB" will verify Alarm A and Alarm B times. The computer will BEEP the number of hours set, one BEEP for each hour. Then, it will BEEP the number of minutes, using a quick succession of ten BEEPS for each multiple of ten minutes, and the remaining minutes will be verified with single BEEPS again. Finally, a high .pitched BEEP indicates "AM", and a low pitched BEEP will will indicate "PM". Example: Alarm B has been set at 8:35 AM. Depress "VB". If the time was set correctly, you'will hear 8 BEEPS, then 3 sets of 10 quick BEEPS, and then 5 more BEEPS. Finally, "AM" will be verified by a high pitched BEEP.
Once the times have been set, and verified if necessary, depress "S" to Start the clock. If you are not using a display, the "tick-tock" sound will let you know the clock is running. If the "ticking" sound is too loud, change the number 15 in Line 212 to a lower number. "0" will completely cancel the sound.
To stop an alarm which is already sounding, depress the SPACE BAR. The alarm will sound again in 24 hours. The alarm will automatically stop after one minute.
To
16
TURN OFF the alarms, alarms). The alarm times remain in memory, pressing the letter "A" (Alarm) will turn the alarms ON
depress the letter "C" (cancel
and de-
again. The alarms can be turned on and off only
while the clock is operating.
ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTOR
Look at Line 3 of the listing. CF is the "correc- tion factor”, and it must be changed to equal the number of seconds gained or lost during a 24 hour period. A negative number will slow down the clock, and a positive number will speed it up. Example: After a day (24 hours) "ALARM CLOCK" gained 2 minutes and 57 seconds. This is equal to 177 seconds. Now change Line 3 to “LET CF= -177". If "ALARM CLOCK" is still not accurate within one second per day, determine how many seconds fast or slow it is running. Subtract this number from the previously calculated value of CF to slow down the clock, or add it
to speed it up. Example: Having changed Line 3 to "LET CFs -177", your alarm clock was running slow at a rate of 2 seconds per day. Add 2 to -177, so now, “LET CF=
-175. Note: The ON ERR command in Line 5 you from "breaking" into this program. value of CF, you can MERGE the program, the necessary changes.
Hope you enjoy this program, and look for an in- teresting graphics program that is scheduled to appear in an upcoming issue of TDM.
will prevent To change the and then make
2 REM ALARNCLOCK BY KENNETH FRACCHIA 3_LET CF=@: BEM CF IS THE
CORRECTION FACTOR, AND IS EQUAL
|OUR a NEGATIVE” AUHEERS peri SLOW DOWN THE THE CLOCK. & POSITIVE NUMBER WILL SPEED IT ue.
4 BORDER @: INK 7: PAPER @: L
ET CFsCFrid40: CLS : DIM T$(6)
5 ON ERR GO TO 1
6 PRINT AT 12.0; "T,@,B-SET ST ART"; TAB 21;"A-TURN ON"; TAB O;"A
No alaRH TIMES"; TAB 21; "BOTH ALA MS"
7? PRINT BT. 15,0; "UT, VASUB-UER “CICANCELS" | TAB Oj °A (TURNS OFF)"
“START cLoc iTAB 3; "COM SRY RIGHT
“CRPS-SHIFT &
@ POKE 23555
faa oes"
TOS: BEEP .2,2
THEN GOTO 15 THEN 69 72522
TS br INKEYs 4? IF INKES
7 18 IF INKEvS 60 To 20 19 IF_INKEYS$="B" THEN LET W=1: 66 TD 35 20 IF INKEY$="T" THEN LET Z=i Go 5 @5_IF_INKEY$="A" THEN LET Y=1 26 IF INKEY$="U" THEN BEEP 1, 5 3a
THEN GO To 4a
42 IF INKEYS$="" THEN GO TO 42 BEEP .1,5
The Ultimate Resource For Your Sinclair QL!
$(3 TO 4 eRENP AP dass 6,22, TSC TO 2); STeiS To Beek
- 2 THEN LET AH=VAL Tail ALARM | NS=TSIS: vpRENT aT O15)" AT 8,5) cLoc pera teare SET 48, ne
LET BH=VAL Tsid LoTeis TO 43: Lb PRINT AT 8,21) iT$(2 TO avin.” ites To 61: LET
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IF
BO) ("0 AND 5x0) 4STRES; nd BS;
211 SOUND $,2;9,0; 10, 212 SOUND 7,31:10.15;10,0 213 IF TH
“AY THEN LET 4.133,1j35,1;3
RINT AT! L
THEN _LET_BS
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IF m=80 THEN LET
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247 IF Mga" aH" AND S20 THEN 250 GO TO Zia 500 IF INKEYS<
IF INKEY
THEN GO TO 30
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BD ES="bMN) 314 60 TO an
wk bk hkb kkk kkk bake keke eee eEEALEELELERELERE
Dear
August 13, 1987 The official
"Fairware”
MScCRIPTers,
newsletter. Jack Dohany
I had hoped to have the next version of Customized MSCRIPT done by now. It was to have been called V5.3. But that changed last night.
I stayed up all night working on V5.3, in a crea~ tive binge. New ideas and solutions were flowing like water over Niagra. In dawn's early light I realized that what I have here is Version 6...a really radical change from V5. Oh, it's not done yet...there are loose ends to tie up, compaction to be done, testing, docs to be written...but essentially all of the new features that I will describe are WORKING.
When will it be ACTUALLY done? Well, if I had nothing else to do but work on this program, it would be done in 3 days. But I earn my living by making wooden toys and selling them at craft fairs...and the fair season is just starting. So I estimate 2.or 3 weeks til V6 is totally done. Maybe more...
I regret any inconvenience this may cause. I can only assure you that V6 is worth waiting for. When done, it‘ll be sent out on a “first come, first served" basis. Ionly have time to send out a few copies a day.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Before I can send you V6, I need a copy of your printer manual!!! NOT the whole thing, but just a few pages (usually in the back of the manual) that list all of its control codes. Do not tell me that your printer is "Epson-compatible". For my purposes, there is no such thing.
If you have more than one printer, send manual-copy for each. Even if you have a daisywheel, I still want the manual-copy.
V6 is designed to use fully the pover built into modern dot-matrix printers; but some of the new features will also be quite useful for daisywheels.
I have several general requirements for V6:
1. It must have no less text room than V5.
2. It must be compatible with V5 where possible.
3. It must be extremely easy to use and understand.
4, The documentation must be clear, concise and thorough.
5. It will be "pre-customized" for the user's printer, so that the user can immediately use it without having to figure out how to customize it. That's why I need your manual-copy.
First some definitions:
TRANSIENT: definable by user within textfile. SEMI-PERMANENT: predefined by me, but re-definable by user from BASIC or by using another program such as FONTMAN.
PERMANENT: not user-definable.
LisT OF NEW FEATURES IN VS
4. PRINT~PAUSE/QUIT
During printing, press ENTER to pause printing, press ENTER
again to resume. printing.
Or press SYMBOL-SHIFT+BREAK to terminate
2. DUAL FONTS: there will be two SEMI-PERMANENT 96-character fonts: a MAIN font and a GRAPHICS font.
BS. There will be a GRAPHICS cursor, selectable by FUNCTION-9. When the graphics cursor is used, graphics characters will go into your textfile, and will be represented on-screen by
characters ar printer.
the graphics font. How your printer prints thes Will depend on the capabilities of your partic
If your printer has 1 or more bit-image modes, user-selectable within text; and both the MAIN font and
GRAPHICS font will be used for printing if you have selected
one of the available bit-image modes. These modes
essentially govern now many characters will fit on a line.
A. Transient ITALICS control. (PCODE #*)
these will be
5. New IMBEDDED CODE SYSTEM: There will be 3 kinds of imbedded
codes:
1. NCODES @-9; transient; short for NUMERIC CODES.
2. LCODES a-z3 A-Z3 semi-permanent; short for LETTER CODES 3. PCODES permanent; short for PUNCTUATION CODES.
NCODES are the normal MSCRIPT printcodes #2-#9.
LCODES are new; each LCODE is a single letter that represents a sequence of printer control codes.
Tasword has 14 similar gadgets. We will have 52, and they Will be quite discernible on screen.
PCODES are like normal MSCRIFT imbedded "+" and "=" symbols. They are used to control things such as ITALICS on/off, and GRAPHICS PRINTMODE on/of#, and BIT IMAGE MODE selection.
All of the above codes are imbedded in the usual MSCRIPT manner, using FUNCTION-G.
6. The Mscript FIND function will be made less fussy. 7. & few minor MSCRIPT ¢lawe may be corrected.
@. MSCRIPT BASIC will be drastically simplified.
Some of this may sound complex. But believe me, V6 will handle like a 1987 Ferrari, instead of the 1947 Buick resembled by V5. NOTE: if you do not have a good font generator program, then I suggest you order my new FONIMAN. It's very full-featured and includes 20 edit- able fonts and a fast MC font editor that is controlled by the keyboard or either joystick.
How much is all this gonna cost you? Well, as usual that's up to you; I'd suggest $15 for V6, $5 for FONT- MAN, +$5 for media/mail/handling/documentation. Donate AFTER you get and try, please.
If you have only a 2040 or daisywheel, or are not interested in graphics, you may prefer just to have v5.2. If so, holler.
In any case, please be sure I know what printer in- terface(s) and mass storage device(s) you have.
Other new FAIRWARE goodies now available:
1. Customized VUCALC for big printers.
2. Customized MASTERFILE for Aerco disc + big printer. (comes with a Sinclair Vendor database)
3. Duane Ruck’s BA4 for AERCO disc, now with full printer support by Jack Dohany; with special version of FONTHAN.
A. PRX...an experimental printer driver, the “seed” for ‘SUPERDRIVER.
Cree incetd FAIRWARE GOODIES in the works: (NOT available real soon) 1, GUPERDRIVER: maximum printer support package
2. BIGFONT: for making and using big, complex fonts.
eee
Please note that MSCRIPT, VUCALC, and . MASTERFILE are copyrighted. You must certify that you are a legal owner of each before I can send you may customized ver- sion.
I thank all of you for your continued patience and
support...and a BIG thank-you to TIME DESIGNS for printing this.
Welcome to another installment of CLASSY FRONT END. And “thank you!" to all who have written and who have sent in sample listings, tapes and comments on past CFE articles. It is certainly a thrill to see how much in- terest this segment has spawned. It makes all those late nights worth it! Speaking of which: I mistakenly said in the last article that my new son was sleeping through the night...seems now I'm spending more time at the crib than at the keyboard!
Listing 1 is a complete BASIC listing for the first 283 bytes of the total CFE machine code program, plus 23 bytes of code and necessary BASIC lines to allow testing and running of this portion. Listing 2 is a Gissassembly of the 283 + 23 bytes of code which for this example resides at address AFC8 (45000 decimal). Please note that the 23 bytes contained in lines 100 and 110 in Listing 1 and those 23 bytes starting at address BOE3 (45283 decimal) in Listing 2 will be dropped when we put the total program together next issue.
For those who saw it, remember the movie "2001", and how puzzled you were when you walked out? Think of next issue as "2010".
Listing 1 very simply reads the print coordinates from BASIC lines and converts them to PLOT coordinates. "Is that all?", you might ask. Well, almost. There are also some error traps and a facility to read values from eight variables we can set up. Now I'll admit I don't have the machine language prowess some readers un- doubtedly possess. But the program does function well. If anyone has some ideas for shortening or enhancing the code, by all means send it to me! In this program, Dg is set equal to the values we POKE into the spare RAM addressses at 5CBO and 5CB1 (23728 and 23729 decimal). These values tell the program where it is in memory. (By using relative jumps CFE can reside in any free area of memory.) HL acts as the BASIC pointer and BC and A are used for computation. CFE saves and restores all reg isters, so should not interfere with other code you may wish to run with it.
We can't possibly discuss all the code here, but I will shed some light on the things you need to know. Looking at Figure A you will see a light by address of lines 230 and 240 of Listing 1. The USR call starts the code to reading the contents of the next line which must always be a REM statement. If the program doesn't find " (quotation), AT, or TAB, then the program will halt with "ERROR A" (plus the offending CHR$) printed at the bottom of the screen. You can then escape by hitting BREAK. If no error is found, the program will read the coordinates. In this example, both are variables (a and b). As shown in Figure B, the first thirteen bytes of code are storage. The first three are flags, the next eight are variables (a through h) and the last two are the PLOT coordinates x and y. In this example, the pro- gram finds the values 21 and 31 in a and b, and converts them to PLOT coordinates, which are 248 and 0.
NDOMIZE cs
LINE 230 CONTENTS
DPEGEPOF SEA eID
END OF Line ok
LIsT UNE 240 INFO
REM aT
PRINT COORDINATES
Ireals) Te BE PRiNiED END oF UNE CHR
Be
snesssssunssn
Figure B
This may all sound pretty simple, but it isn't. The program handles variables, single digits and double digits in any configuration and converts them. If the program runs across improper syntax here it will halt with "ERROR B" plus the offending CHR$ as before. With TAB. the value read and converted is the x value, the y value remains whatever it was previously (as in BASIC). A BASIC line like REM will print at the location x and y were set to previously. For PLOTing to a location on the screen which is different than the 0 to 21 by 0 to 31 PRINT coordinates conform to, we can POKE PLOT values in the x and y slots directly then execute a REM "whatever" to print "whatever" starting exactly where we want it.
Now let me just detail a couple of nifty little routines this program uses that can be incorporated in any program. In line 100 of Listing’1 is the code which accesses the PLOT routine in the TS2068 ROM. By letting BC hold the coordinates we want and then calling 2638 (9784 decimal), the TS2068 will PLO? our point. Coor- dinates too big for the screen will return with an error message as in BASIC.
Another likeable routine is a BO41 in Listing 2. By calling 2009 (8201 decimal) we access the 1S2068's routine to read the keyboard for BREAK. A simple six byte program will access it: D0920,38FB,C9 (205, 9, 32,56,251,201 in decimal) will do it!
Continued Next Page.
Renew Your Subscription Today!
Now Listing 1 run as-is will produce a grid of dots on the screen corresponding to the PRINT coordinates available (see Figure B). These dots indicate the bottom left-hand corner of the first CFE letter to be printed. By testing other BASIC lines you can get a feel for what the program needs as coordinates. As in BASIC, the error traps will not tell you if your values are too big, but covers most syntax problems.
Next time we will look at the business end of CFE: the printing routines! If you just can't wait until next time, I would be happy to send you an advanced copy of the dissassembled listing. Just send ($1) to : Paul Bingham, P.O. Box 2034, Mesa, AZ 85214. For the full program on tape send $5. Ses you next time!
Listing 1
REM
a cfe.s
4 LET code =45000
S LET print=code+13
6 BOKE 23728, (code-2554INT Ic i
7
@56)):; POKE 23729,INT (code/
e 5 FOR t=code TO code+305: REA 0: POKE t,o: NEXT t
42 PATA 9/2,9,9,0,9,0,9,0,0,0, 2
7
+@,213,197, 229,245 ,217,38,213,19 1,229,245 ,217,237,91,176,92,217, 37,914,176 ,92
28 DATA 98,107,62,0,119,35,119 35 ,119,42,85,92,1,5,0,9.126,254 273,32,6,235,54.2/235,24,77,254 272,32,6,235,54,1,235,24,67
Listing 2 Beac 3E52 He ihr eee Ares 8o Bese 67 a8 Be oe, a 8 BE Br, me 8 Be fers Beer oo Bess 52 at ne oti Be of BEE Feao Beit BREE Airs
23 29,533,265, 1,325,233 235,22 0,9; 114 295,35,35,113,5: 43,18,52, 69,215.62 ,52,21: 215,62,79 2215,62,82,215, 5.62,120, 215 .62,120,215 48 CATA 205,5,52 2S1,241,22 $.285,209,3,217,241,225,193,203, 201 5@ DATA 35,125,1,97,8,213,229, 93,5 ,9, 28,235 285 185 32,525, 24 »50,12,19,16,245,209,1,45, 10,185 »48,8,13,15,258 25a82 28
6Q DATA 235,22,66,24,164
7@ DATA 343/196,268,75,95,26,2 S4,2,40,4,30,59,24,2,30,44,126,1 87,421,40,11,6,9,129,16,253,79,6 2,206,134,129,35/5039;1,118,92,2
8Q DATA 35,229,265 ,254,5,40,35, 2,8,168,58,113,92,111,62,6,139,4 0,8,60,245,120,145,71241,24,245 2120,213,235,17,12,6,25,209,119, 62,2,18,225,24,14¢
99 DATA 53,118,52.1.8,3,103,62 »@,203,63,40,1,125,203 33,203 ,44 226,245 ,213,235,17,11,0,25,209,1 19,225
100 CATA 229,33,11,0,25,78,35,7 @,205,56 33,225,
110 DATA 241,225 ,193,209,8,217, 241,225,193 205,201
BOO FOR ¥ 30-23 B18 FOR x TO_S1 220 POKE code+3,4: POKE code+4, x 230 RANDOMIZE USR print 240 REM AT a,b;"." 252 NEXT x B60 NEXT y 380 STOP S@@ FOR t=code TO code+i12: PRIN Tt)" “; PEEK t: NEXT t Be Be BE ea BREE Gfocon LD A, CHL) BOBE 01 LO BC. 0861 BREF 77
i it ‘J ei poomaggoon
7
TS Communi
Joe Williamson
forum for people 1500 and 2068.
having problems with If you have any questions,
TS Communique c/o Tine Designs Magazine Co. 29722 Hult Road
Colton, OR 97017 I have a Sony video camera, Model 8AF. Now Sony’s new model V110 has a built-in character generator for
adding titles to the tape recording. Unfortunately, 1 was premature in my purchase, not Knowing of the forth- coning new model. I thought I might use my 2068 as a character generator feeding the video output Into my canera after programming the computer to display the title.
The idea was fruitful and I was successful in taping titles.....,but in black and white only! I use channel 3 and the display on my monitor or a TV is in brilliant color. I tried the color adjustment you suggested to John Buckmaster in the MAR/APR issue of TDM but with
no success. There are no adjustments available on the canera. Of course I could point my lens at the screen but the tittles are not clean and sharp.
William Andrews
San Anselmo, CA Dear William,
You may want to try connecting the 2068 to the CCD- V8AF video in and monitor the video coming from the canera and then adjust the color as told in the Mar/Apr issue. If this does not work then it must be that the signal from the 2068 is not compatible enough to vork.
~Joe
I am looking for information concerning a routine or program to use an Atari CX85 Hex Keyboard for entering nunerals on a Timex 2068. I purchased an Atari joystick and using the programs in TD, I had no trouble. Since the Hex keyboard used the same port as the joystick, I thought just plugging it In would work. It would not. Therefore, any suggestions or ideas from you or your readers of TD would be greatly appreciated. The keyboard uses the National Semi. 74C923 (what ever that 1s??).
Glenn Ruch Lehighton, PA
Dear Glenn, The 74C923 is a 20-key keyboard encoder. A few years
back there was a company that sold that keyboard with instructions on how to modify joystick port 2 on the 2068 by adding and/or cutting out diodes to allow the hex pad to work. I checked through my collection of newsletters and flyers and could not find It. If anyone has one or the information, please pass it on. -Joe I have two questions for the TS Communique column.
1: I have 3 2068s and one of them has a very jerky screen for about 10 minutes when it Is first turned on
or if I attach any peripherals to it it jerks all of the
time. The screen seems to fan out at the bottom every tine you hit enter or do a screen DRAW. 2:1 am trying to write a program that stores data in a
long string. I didn’t want to dinension a string so that
the program would grom as data was added but when the string gets about 8200 characters long and I try to add more to it, 1.e. LET AS=AS4NS, the computer thinks it is
out of memory and stops with an error report even though I have 220004 bytes left. Is there a way around this without dimensioning a long string and if not how can I add length to a dimensioned variable without loosing the data in it.
Larry Zunk Norman, OK
que
send it to:
their 1000,
Dear Larry, Your problem 2068 sounds like it may
have
a power supply problem. Check the 12 volt supply at U8 (the 12 volt regulator) or at C44 (first electrolytic capacitor behind speaker) for a steady 12 volts even when
peripherals are added. Also check the 5 volt line on the
Positive end of C40 (largest capacitor in front of RF modulator). If these are OX, try a monitor with the computer. If that works OK, suspect the RF modulator. If
monitor does not work OK, suspect Q4 or Q5 and possibly the decoupling capacitors in the video circuit and last but not least, the SCLD. For your second problen, dimension an array because of increased loading saving time. So, why not do what Pro/File does and AS as machine code. That way you could save just program and then upon loading next time, have program dimension whatever it needs and then load data into the dimensioned area. To do this, A$ (in your case? would have to be dimensioned first and always first. The beginning address of the variables (VARS) is held by locations 23627 & 23628. Because A# is first, you can peek these locations and find the starting address. The actual data starts 6 bytes (the first six bytes contain the name of the array and the length) from the starting address. You will have to keep track of how long the data array 1s so you can save just the data and know where the end 1s, call the length L. So to save the
I assume you don’t want to and save the the
your
data, use: SAVE “name* CODE 6+PEEK 23627+256xPEEK 23628, Land to load, use: DIM A#(whatever length you want):LOAD “name"CODE 6+PEEK 23627+256%PEEK 23628. Keep
track of the length L. You could even save it as part of your data. You can also load up you present data and convert it over to this new way of LOAD/SAVEing. -Joe
I have two plain Timex 2068’s and from the copyright screen at initial turn on, I ask “PRINT FREE".
#1 2068 answers 38652 #2 2068 answers 6012
I discovered this problem when I tried to LOAD a long program from tape and got the "4 Out of menory* error. Any ideas on what the problem is and how it can be fixed?
Dennis Zacharias Yukon, OK é Dear Dennis, ;
If you take 38652 and subtract 6012 you get roughly
32K of memory missing. This would indicate that the
upper 32K of memory is either bad or not being refreshed
(updated) by the SCLD. There are three banks of 16K RAM inside the 2068. Obviously the lowest (16-32k) bank is working because it initializes and displays a picture
(the display file and system variables are region).
Most likely the SCLD IC 1s not the upper 32-64K region. It
in the 16-32K
properly refreshing {s possible that the memory 1Cs themselves are bad. To check this try writing a progran that successively POKEs each address between 32768 and 65535 with O the reads it back and then POKE
the sane address with 255 and read It back and have it print each address which gives back the wrong answer. If none of them do, then the SCLD is bad. If some do, see if It 1s in a specific bank such as the 32-48K bank or the 48-64K bank. U12 & U13 is the 32-48K bank and U17 &
U18 are the 48-64K bank. -Joe
Continued Next Page.
TS Communique |BINGHAMS BEST
After working with my TS 1000 for 30 minutes or 0, the screen goes blank. It is located on a hard surface to prevent overheating. It doesn’t feel very warn to my hand. What can I do to get more time on the computer
Robert Haver Atlanta, GA
Dear Robert, The first thing to do is to see where the problen is
coning from. If you have a 16K RAM pack, remove it and see if it still goes blank after 30 minutes or so. If it does, it is probably the ULA chip Inside the computer
although I have seen a weak 5 volt regulator do the same
thing. Get some freeze mist from Radio Shack and try pinpointing the problem after it goes out by freezing an IC chip and then unpower/repower it. Once you have
determined what the problem is, some TS 1000 vendors may have spare parts or computers but good luck.
If you suspect the RAM pack as having the problem, first check the the voltages on the RAM IC chips inside. Pin 1 should have -5 volts on it, pin 8 should have around +12 volts on it and pin 9 should have +5 volts. The negative supply would most likely be the problem, particularly the switching transistor connected to the small transforner. If its not the power supply, it most likely one of the memory chips. If this is case, it would be easiest to just replace the entire pack. Good luck. -Joe
Winter Fest *ss
The Timex/Sinclair user groups of Florida that the Sun State Timex/Sinclair Winter Fest be a reality next March 4, 5, and 6 1988 in Orlando at the Orlando Marriott on International Dr. Everyone should plan to come, bring the family and spend the week here in the #1 vacation spot in the US! Our third organizational meeting will be held the last of September. Full details will be In the next issue of Time Designs. For more information now, call the Sunstate TS bulletin Service at (904) 775-0093, 300 baud 8-i-N, 24 hours, 7 days a week, Or write to: 249 N. Harden Ave. Orange City, FL 32763. -Joe Williamson
announce
7e8) will
Wj
MAX 1000 Make the Most Popular “Mods” Compatible On Your TS1000__,
Tim Stoddard
How would you like to have a 1S1000/ZX81/TS1500 that loads and saves any size program from a diskette drive within 8 eeconde, bas o bullt-in DOS, hae 64K of memory, rune programs that display up to 60 columns of text ( upper and lower case), can communicate with BBS's easily, and down/upload ‘a full 16K file via ASCII xfer or XMODEN without hassles, run machine code anywhere up to location 49152?
This article is about the integration of Larry Kenny's LARKEN INTERFACE, a 1S/ZX with the internal 64K mod or external 64K & HUNTER board, a 2050 modem, Fred Nachbaur's
ZX-TERM480 from Silicon Mountain Computers,
and John Oliger's M1 WOT adapter.
Thad a lot of fun with thic combination becauce ZX-TERN¥60's hi-res display routine occupies the came area that LARKEN's LDOS does. Fred's BXCELLENT manual on 2X-TERN¥80 hinted ona solution to thie problem How da we use thie SUPER communications program with the SUPER disk interface from Larry Kenny? These are the notes on how I approached Fred's hint to the solution....... 22
ABOVE RAMTOP
2X-TERM¥80 is fully relocatable! However,
tt placed in the "hidden" 8X area because that area is where the
can't be
hi-res display file is located, It could be placed in the BASIC area, but then we take away the potentially large section of RAM to xfer files to and from. The manual indeed,
shows how to set it up inside the BASIC area, but alco describes how to relocate the program even above RAMTOP! This is great, but machine code routines above the 32K boundry are not executadle.....so how can this method work? I learned from Fred Nachbaur that John Oliger had developed a circuit that will allow the 151000 or ZX81 to run machine code in the 32K to 48K area! The TS1500 has ALWAYS been able to do this!! I had not noticed this effect, so 1 tried a small routine on my TS1500 starting at 32768 and it worked! Try this yourself... POKE a 201 ( RET instruction) at location 32768, then execute a RAND USR 32768. You'll get the 0/0 code back indicating completion. NOW try the Game on an expanded TS1000 or ZX61. The code will store there, but when you execute the RAND USR $2766 the machine vill reset! The M1 signal causes
cert Pals CLIP ALL LEMS | & er 9a 10 on 745!
Figure 1
ro socker Frm 27 wsHeRE szp0 fo 27 USED TO 60
qv) és
Bed UP 2 pus 27 uy
Go) Jou OvieeR's
HL WoT ADAPTER, ADAPTED TO WORK with THE WTERMAL 64K MODIFICATION — THIS wir ALSO WORK WIT EXTRVAL TSI0le PACK uPGanred To etk
any RAM above 32767 to LOOK like RAM in the lower half of the
memory map. This is done because of the unusual dieplay routines for these machines. The 751500 does the same thing but only in the 48K to 64K area. Jobn Oliger’s solution to
this problem {te to ALLOW the K1 signal only during the tine dt 16 needed: during the 48K to 64K area as in the TS1500. His circuit is normally installed on the ULA chip since that chip is the cne that uses the Mi signal, which, by the way, indicates that the Z80 CPU is fetching an INSTRUCTION to EXECUTE, Some RAM upgrades do not use the Ni signal and these RAM packs will work, however some packs do use the M1 signal and will not work with this adapter and this is the caso with my RAM upgrade. Don't dispair, though! If the adapter ts installed on the 280 CPU co that the Mi ignal ts supplied EVERYWHERE, (instead of just the ULA chip), then it will work. FIGURE #1 diagrams the adapter installed on the Z80 CPU. Silicon Mountain Computer also sells the Mi HOT ADAPTER that installs on the ULA chip. This can be used by "tapping" off the Mi eignal from the ULA chip and supplying it to the internal RANs decoding circuitry where the Mi signal normally goes. Thie te ehown in FIGURB #2. After installing the adapter ( either one) try again the test we used above. This time it will WORK! Now you can run ANY machine code residing in the 32K to 48K area.
Figure 2 Pe gd uLA q Fi scant 70 SRAM ADRESS DecooeR (rHs68) Tutovgn DIODE
Aparriag, THE AL MOT DEconeER Fieon, Stuicon) MOUNTAAS CommvT RS woRK wr THE MTEMAL tk Mod
Fred’s Hint...
Since ZX-TERM*60 and LDOS use the same area need a way of celecting only one at a this in the Addenda to the Considerations”. In this
of RAN we time, Fred discusses manual on page 2, "Nass Storage discussion he describes using switches to disable/enable the Disk interface and the SRAM used for the 8K hidden area. FIGURE #3 shows the decoder for the internal 64K upgrade as shown in May/June 87 TDM. The wire from pin 2 to pin 3 of the 7415145 is simply cut and is replaced with a cwitch mounted on the outside of the case. Switch OFF to disable the 6K area, and ON to enable the area. If you have a HUNTER board, replace the jumper at "Ji" witn a switch mounted at the top of the PCB, and add the resistor as chown in FIGURE #5. For thoce who are ambitious FIGURE #4 shows how to expand the decoding on my internal 64K upgrade to allow selection of the 8K area in 2K blocks AND allow for the needed enable/dicable feature. I mounted the DIP switch shown in FIGURE #4 just behind the expansion edge connector
so that changes can be made through the axpanaion opening in the case. The
enable/disable awitch, of course, should be mounted somewhere on the outside of the case. Silicon Mountain Computer also sells an excellent ‘updated’ HUNTER
board called the SCRAM board if you wish to go this route. Contact Fred Nachbaur there for pricing and modifying it for the enable/dicable switch.
LARKEN INTERFACE
FIGURE #6 diagrams the interface and chows where to mount the enable/disable switch. Pin 1 of the 74LS139 must be bent cut and a 4.7K resistor soldered from pin 16 to pin 1 of
that IC. The two wires from the ewitch are then soldered to pin’ 1 of the 7418139 and pin 6 of the 74.32 just behind it. Again, switch ‘ON’ enables the interface and ewitch ‘OFF’ to disable it.
Figure 3
ISTeRABL CHR. is a aoa Apis “HIDDED AREA” enagle/bishBce Swiree TO MTERVAL 64K SRAM Mo DisABle (Parra Scuemaric) RIGHT SIDE + OF CASE ‘EWPCLE
Figure 4
TS pw 20 Play BACK Ope Sei
At mi & tw x0 sort AIS At a3 * onae DIsAMe Apowe “apoE Agen” emneselosre OO — Switch TO wernt 4K SAA i wT EXTEWDED —DECOBING E (rou, scuenatic) ears Rel give wren ro BAK oF PCB Figure 5 Huwrer Bohed Mop FoR Abbrrow oF EvhaLe/DsABce Swircs — BACK SIDE OF PCB ate! Continued Next Page.
zxeifrsiooo LARKEN | Mod FoR ae or Ewnsue /orsABLE SwiTcH — Top sive oF PCB
SOFTWARE To use this arrangement you must enable the disk interface, and disable the hidden RAM. Load the program, and,
Just before the program accesses the hidden RAM disable the disk interface and enable the hidden RAM. For those with 2X-TERKXX80 change/add the following lines in that program to prompt you for the needed enables and disables.
50 RAND USR 14336.
55 REX SAVE "ZTERM. BC”
58 PRINT AT 10,0;"SWITCH TO SCRAM NOW, PRESS © TO CONTINUE. ....”
57 IF INKEYS<>"C" THEN GOTO 57
980 PRINT AT 10,0;"SSWITCH TO DISK NOV, PRESS © TO CONTINUE. ....."
985 IF INKEY$<>C THEN GOTO 985
1000 RAND USR 14336
1002 REM SAVS "ZTERM. BA"
1007 PRINT AT 10,0;"SWITCH TO SCRAM NOW, PRESS © TO CONTINUR......"
1008 IF INKEYS<>"C" THEN GOTO 1008
— (ved) TIP % POWER ComnecteR, Goh v GLved HRE
( i 00 Yor N
ns
LARKEN Mod +5 vorT SvePey ADD-ON
POWER IT ALL
The LARKEN does not come with a 5 volt supply. shows how to install a 7805 regulator, a coax power connector, and a power cord going to the computer onto the LARKEN board itself. A 9 volt wall-type power supply, such as the one built by Commodore and being sold very cheaply at Radio Shack, ( 277-1026), can now be used to power the entire set-up, via the coax power connector on the LARKEN interface.
FIGURE #7
The center leg of the 7605 and the tip connector of the coax socket ( Radio Shack 274-1565) are soldered to the very wide trace. The right leg of the 7805 ic coldered to the wide trace to the right of the very wide tra The left leg of the 7605 and the wire, attached to the tip of the plug that will go to the computer, {6 soldered to the side connector of the coax socket. The wire attached to the side connector of the plug going to the computer ie soldered to the very wide trace. Also install the 10 uF tantalum cap to the 7805 regulator, as shown in FIGURE #7. NOTB: Attach a heatsink on the 7805 after installing it!
ENJOY these mods and we'll see you next issue!
Beginning Z80 Machine Code LESSON TEN
The subject this time is the 2-8 Block instructions are block instructions for I/0, search (compare), (assignment). We listed the block I/O instructions but they are detailed again in chart 1,
Before we look at the instructions, we need to review one of the 2-80's flags. It is the parity/overflow (P/V) flag and is an overworked little devil, as it keeps track of two condi- tions, depending upon the instruction being executed. I gave you a chart of affected flags, by instruction, in lesson § (if you need lesson 5, contact TDM for a back issue!)
Overflow is similiar to carry except that when there is a carry from bit 6 to bit 7, of the accumulator, in signed arithmetic. The effect of an overflow is to change the sign bit of the accumulator. Overflow can be detected by use of the carry flag, but it is more difficult.
There and transfer last lesson
it occurs only
The use of the P/V flag we are interested in is Parity. Parity is either even or odd and is simply a count of the set bits in a byte or register. An even number of set bits results
in even parity and a set parity flag. Parity is indicated with the logical, rotate, I/O and all block instructions.
The actual use of the parity flag in the dlock tions is to indicate when the BC register pair has been decre- mented to @ (see below). You will recall that 16 bit decrements do not affect the zero flag. Since the Z-8 can indicate BC=0 in the P/V flag, it could have done the same in the zero flag, except that the zero flag already has a use in the block instructions (see below).
There is one last piece of information we need in order use the block instructions; how and which registers do we to set-up? All the register pairs are used as follows.
The BC pair is a 16 bit counter. The parity flag is set and the block instruction is terminated when BC=@. There is no 8 bit counter allowed, except for the I/O instructions, where B serves the purpose.
instruc-
to need
‘The DE pair is transfers.
a DEstination pointer for block memory
The HL pair, as usual, is a memory pointer for all the block instructions,
All the block instructions decrement BC and either incre- ment or decroment DE and HL, according to the tyre of instruc~ tion, The third letter of the mnemonic will be ‘i’ for and increment or 'd' for decrement. :
If the fourth letter of the mnemonic is an ‘r’, then the instruction is functionally the same as the the 3 letter
version, except that the instruction repeats until a counter has been decremented to 0.
Now for the instructions. I have listed the instruction few samples for each group) with its operation broken into ‘equivalent’ instructions, next to it. REMEMBER, the equivalent instructions are for clarification ONLY and are not executable!
(a
The first set is the completion of our I/0 instructions, from last lesson Ini Indr Ld (HL), (C) Loop Ld (HL), (C) Ine HL Dec HL Dec B DJNZ Loop Notice that the block instruction is the same as the In r,(C) instruction from iast lesson. The difference is that xr can only be (HL) and the B register is a counter, hence the above ‘equivalent’ instructions. Note also, how the auto repeat works. Since the repeat is part of the instruction, no other operation can occur in the loop (except, of course, interrupts--but that’s next lesson).
The loop is not exited until B=0.
24
The block Out instructions are the same except that the byte pointed to by HL is moved Out port (C). The block search instructions are a variation of our old friend Cp (compare), as follows: Ret Z Inc HL Dec BC Jr NZ,Loop Note the additional exit point (Ret 1). These are called the block search instructions, as they will look at each byte
and set one of two flags. The zero flag is set if A=(HL), (there is no Ret to anything) or the parity flag is set if BC=3. Since the Ret Z is for demonstration only, it is important to know that the operations on BC and HL will occur, even if a match has
occurred, Therefore, you may need to adjust'a pointer, after a match.
For example, assume the accumulator contains FFh, HL contains 4@@0h and BC=@6h. This is the section of memory to search:
Address Contents 4@22h 20h 4001h ooh 4002 F9h 4003h FFh 4994h C8h 4005h Eih
The search will end with the match at address 40@3h and the registers will contain:
A = FFh HL = 4204h BC = @ih
The zero flag will be set, to indicate a match, and the parity flag will not be set, as ve did not reach zero in BC:
The last group of block instructions are for memory trans- fers (move one block of memory from here to there). They are essentially a variation on the assignment instructions (Ld) except that they work on two memory locations, instead of a register and a memory location.
The registers must be set-up in advance for these instruc- tions to work properly, as follows:
BC HL DE
size of block to transfer
first byte address of block to transfer first byte address of new location of block, after transfer (DEstination)
a Once the registers are set-up, the instructions this: Ldd
Ld (DE), (HL)
work like Lad
Loop Ld (DE), (HL)
Dec DE Inc DE Dec HL Inc HL Dec BC Dec BC
Jr NZ, Loop
as Note that we have only one exit to the loop, the case where BC=0.
The following routine should be placed in your @ REM state- ment, to move your MC above Ramtop:
Move Ld HL, Base
jstart address of your MC Ld DE,Ramtop+1
destination address above amtop, where your MC will run
Ld BC, Length ength of your MC routine Ldir ove your MC above Ramtop Ret back to Basic
One important point, any absolute addresses (Call nnan, Jp nnnn, etc.) must be adjusted to indicate locations within the new block. The usual method is to assemble your MC to run at its correct location, then place it in the Rem statement for storage and SAVEing. This is the better method of saving and running MC fron high memory on the TS1@08, than the method I gave last lesson. See if you can make a small change in the above routine to move your MC from high memory to your @ REM statement, using the Lddr instruction.
The last caveat to watch for with transfers is overwriting a portion of your MC, if the blocks overlap. When there is an overlap of blocks, the bytes can often only be moved in one direction or from one end of a block. For example, the routine above moves a block from start to end. It could just as easily been moved from end to start, using the Lddr instruction, if the pointers indicated the end of each block.
The astute reader will begin to see some possibilities in these instructions, as they are fast and very powerful. You could, for instance, write your own ‘find and replace’ routines, create ‘instant’ screen swaps or even animate a small section of the display (sprites). I'll leave you with your imagination and the following routine.
Our routine deviates from the instructions of this It 1s a renumbering routine for Basic prograns and is
lesson. given as
a demonstration of what is possible and give you some more tech- nique. Tt will renumber any Basic program from a stated line (which must exist) to the program end.
Many of the routines can be used in other prograns, such as the input routine. It uses some error checking in order to avoid any non-numeric input. It also gives the method of converting an
Ascii string of digits to a binary number for use in calcula- tions. It does however lack a backspace or delete. Can you see how to add it by reading one additional key press and adjusting
the buffer pointer? Notice how the carry flag is used to indicate an error. Also, note that space must be left at the end of the routine for the input buffer. Do you want prompts anywhere on the screen? Run the Input routine with a PRINT USR address!
Note that this program is written in rather large modules, that fall through to the next one. It is extremely hard to debug a program written in this fashion, unless you are using routines
that are known to be bug-free. Can you see the obvious places for break-points, in order to test for debug purposes? Note how we reuse the string data for the Renumber prompt.
But, enough of this. Here’s the routine:
FEO IOI OOO OOO OO TACO CIRC RENUMBER BASIC PROGRAM FESO CIO OIG ROA CO I OCCA.
jBeaic ayaven variables: Prog. “Bau SC33h. Gastk Bau SCoen
PROM calla: KeyScan Equ O2E1h Gneaddr Eau 16h DeGode Equ O7BDh
3781000 = @2BBh ivsieee = eapen 3781000 only Ora Foo :781000 = 7¢@0h
Test for a Basic Program to renuaber for the TS7068
Beart LD HL, (Prog) BIT 7, (HL)
RET RZ
ino program Line number has the
tof VARS. does
Test for a Basic Program to renurber for the TS1000
Start UD HL, 47D LD Ai6h oP ci) RET
FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO HAY HAVE HISSED IT! **> RMG ENTERPRISES <** ANNOUNCES: DISK FILE MANAGER! by: CHIA-CHI CHAO FOR THE FD68 USER Have you ever tried to copy JUST ONE FILE with your AERCO DISK SYSTEH?? If so, then you know that you cannot do it! At least not without LOADing it into RAM and then SAVEing it out again! NOW YOU CAN DO IT AUTOMATICALLY! A tew keystrokes and the job is done! Even binary files! No need to read the headers and type in the nases. i SOME OF THE FEATURES OF THIS FINE. PACKAG!
COPY 1 FILE-COPY ALL FILES-CATALOG DISK-CHANGE DRIVES CHECK DISK TRACKS FOR ERRORS-LIST ALL OCCUPIED TRACKS GET DETAILED CATALOG OF DISK All of this at a price that all FD68 users can afford:
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Order cassette version if you have 3.5" or Quad drives. Complete with very thorough documentation. AVAILABLE FROM:
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iThis 1s common code for the 1002 and 2066 iGot data for renumbering
From CALL PeRaum UD Ht, Froatm CALL Brine, CALL Inpat. IRC, G°Fron UD Hi, OlaLine UD (ai), Re HE UD (HL),>
iprompt for Rerumber trom line +
iaave input in this variable
How, get the firet new line number
@New LD HL, Nevin CALL Brine. CALE Input JR C,G Now LD Hi, Newline Ub (iy TNC. HE io cat),>
iprompt for Start with new line #
g0 get line # idea tnpat-do tt again e Anpat in this variable
And, finally the step for the new line nusbers
G Stop CALL PeRaum UD HL, Ener
CALL Print
tprompt for Remumber in at
et step in line Had“fnputdo it again fave input in thie variable
UD CHL),
[Search for first Line to renumber
oh LD ib, (OldLine) ;set-up Hl, for Rom routine that CALL inekddr 6 of the line held in HL, in the
DE. The zero flag ts Line number was found.
OR 2,ReNanb
LD ib, Notna
CALL Print
Rer
resumbering
ReNunb LD DE, (NowLine) wD (HL),D INC HL wD use). No HL POSH HL LD HL, (Step)
Hine (after line # and length)
dd Line length to pointer to fajunt for start of next Line
BIT 7, (HL) ‘test for valid line # or onty RET NZ only ‘ LD A,78% fest for valid line # or only op (iL) ietare of DeFile only RET fretura to Basic, tf done only ri JR Ratan sao do next Line
;Print routines PrRnum UD AL, Renum Print GD A, (HL)
cP Fr Rerz PUSH HL RST 18h PoP AL wo HL OR print
iInput roatine
Input LD HL,Buffer ;atorage for input UD (Polntr),HL ireset buffer pointer-etfectively earing the butter
[This 1s for the TS2060 only
Boarky LD A. FRR LD (Lastk),0 CALL KeyScan DD A, (hasti)
jelear last input character
82 rom routine to get key pressed t hemly pressed key cose
HThis 4s for the TS1000 only, ScarKy CALL KeyScan juse rom routine to get key pressed fand check for heavy-handed human te Lift finger
fuse rom routize to get key pressed
JR NZ, Scanky Newkey CALL keyScan
PUSH HL ‘nich is returned in UL bit,
PoP BC Hs needed in BC for DeCodeing
INE Yoheck and wait for a new key press
JR 2,Neskey
TALL’ Decode; rom routine to decode key press, Hl. Iwill point. to proper key in the rom key table
UD A, CHL) PUL Keycode into A from table
iThis te common code for the 1000 and 2088
CP oh jooept ENTER (1008:76h) OR Z,Eneinp —jandend input if ac, else
cP Sen jeheok for and accept only (1009:1Ch) IRC,Scanky the digits @ to 8, el:
op 3An Heaea=2en)
cor
2
n
QR G.Scarky continue scanning the keysoara Digtok LD HL, (Pointe) rieve ED (HL) ,& ait Inc we fe LD (Pointe) HL RST 1h screen
OR Boanky Continue input Endlap LD lik, (Peintr) retrieve the buffer pointer wD (Bb) a fatore ENTER in buffer RST 18h fadvance print position to next Line yon'the screen
iwe mow have accepted, verified and Headed our input but it needa to be
feonverted from a string of Ascii ‘characters to's single word Binary usber.
AsoZBi LD AL, Butter UD A, (HL) CP 2Dh ‘check for input of ENTER ony(1000=7¢h) ‘and goto errer routine if found
moitio ED BA EX DE, HL
ADD ALL
faet next digit
foheck for torminating ENTER (1000276h) fandexit if found
fwood character-make it binary
PUSH HL save polater OR Multia Toop back to mltiply by 13 Error LD BU,InpErr load bad input mog and CALL Print print it sce HSignal error occurred RET ireturn to main routine
iProgram Mes
Renun DEFB Dh DEPA "Renumber ” DEFS FFh
Fronin DEFA “from line #:° DEFB FFh
Newba DEF @bn :1000:76n DEFA “Start with new line #: DEFS FFh
Incr DER! "in steps of: DEFS FFh
WotFad DEFB gph 100076 DERM “Sorry, 1 cannot locate the Line” DEMA "to renusber from! |” ETB oh Fh”: 1008=768,F7m
1080=76n
Inpirr
310002764
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15 2068
DESKTOP PUBLISHING ON THE TS2068
Duncan Teague
Desktop Publishing and "THE HEWSROOK”
In the spring of 1985 a revolutionary new software program left an indelible impression on the computer world. It was the first ever ‘desktop publishing" program, Springboard Software’s “The Newsroom.”
Tts popularity and its notoriety grew as people readily learned how to create documents more sophisticated than posters, greeting cards, and ribbon~eating banners and more eye-catching than word processor text files.
*Newsroon* permitted the combination of words and pictures in the same document. This is no simple task, since the computer treats alphanumeric characters and graphics differently.
When you show a picture on, for example, an Apple computer, you must use the command "text" to clear the screen graphics mode and restore its ability to print Applesoft BASIC commands on the screen.
Both words and pictures consist of patterns of dots, either on the computer’s display screen or on the printed page. The dot patterns for the letters, punctuation symbols, and miscellaneous characters on the computer Keyboard are permanently stored in the computer’s ROM, since they are used over and over again. The dot patterns for a picture are temporarily stored in a designated area of RAM which often encompasses an entire screen full of dots.
An individual Keyboard character will take up only a single byte. It can be placed in many different areas of memory. This copy of Tasword stores any one character as a single byte in any of 19288 addresses.
AT/S 2068 picture, 2 SCREENS if you will, Is stored as a single block of 4712 bytes in one specific area of memory. This is Known as the display file, and it starts at address 16384.
Apple computers use a couple of “hi-res pages* to store pictures. Hi-res pages 1 and 2 are found at addresses 8192 and 16384. Each page utilizes 8192 bytes of memory.
“The Newsroom™ reconciles the inherent differences between
words and pictures by treating them both as graphics. That’s the way "Newsroom documents are printed, in the printer’s bit image graphics mode. This allows the letters used in the document to Took as pretty as pictures.
"Newsroom" can print five different fonts, styles and sizes of letters. They include small and large versions of serif and sans serif letters plus a large English font. What’s special about "Newsroom" is that you can type these letters on the same screen with a picture by means of a rudimentary word processor. The word processor allows insertions, deletions, and word urap.
“Newsroom" also has some slightly better than rudimentary graphics tools which help you draw your own pictures to Include with the text. 1f you’re not an artist, you can use pre-drawn pictures included with the program, stored on disk, which may or may not be exactly what you want. These pictures are called clip art? since you can *clip* them from one location and merce them into your work area.
The work area is called a ‘panel." Six or eight depending on the size paper you’re using, plus one double picture, called a "banner," comprise one document. You the panels under the banner in two columns.
panels, width arrange
Desktop Publishing for Timex/Sinclair
“Newsroom is the prototype, the yardstick by which desktop publishing software for Timex/Sinclair and/or Spectrum computers. can be measured. There are more sophisticated programs available for more expensive computers now, but "Newsroom* can serve as a
guide to the basic features of software for the production of newsletter format documents.
There are currently two programs available for desktop publishing on the T/S 2648: Stan Lemke’s "Pixel Print Desktop Publisher* and Charles Stelding’s “Desktop Page Editor." Each
author uses a different approach to simultaneous manipulation of text and graphics.
PIXEL PRINT” Desktop Publisher
“Pixel Print 2.8" is actually the third version I have received. Each revision has been in response to user comments, and has made a substantial improvement in the capabilities and
of use of the program.
“Pixel Print® synergetically operates with other members of a family of software. "Pixel Sketch and Graphics Editor" allows you to create original artwork. “Icon Package* provides you with a library of 182 pieces of clip art which can be merged into
a
Pixel Sketch SCREENS’s.
“Font Package* provides six new fonts, in addition to the CHANCERY font which accompanies both Pixel Sketch and Pixel Print, for producing snappy Tooking text for
the documents Pixel Print produces.
Font Package:
"Font Package" consists of two cassettes. One contains a Font Designer and a Font Downloader for the Star SG-18 printer. The other stores a ‘library* of seven fonts. The Font Designer allows the user to create new fonts on modify existing font
Font Designer displays the dot patterns, expanded 44 times, for each of the characters in the ASCII character 5 The dot patterns can be altered by turning character-sized ‘pixels* on
SAMPLE ICONS AND FONTS FROM LEMKE'S “PIXEL PRINT" SOFTWARE SERIES.
Here's “MOCERN-HEADLINE”
tH FONT, & BELOW ARE SOME "MONGERAM
ICONS.
This font is *B Tooks"Befob ua?
Toespeciaily Like. the icon. The comic strip Bloom count ts
ys a One of my favorites.
shis., if the *Standard=Micr” 3 Togis gppropriate ofthe u pies and office” icons.
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Qik GS Ue ders DEH of Ghiloren.
44 “CURSE” $3
is YSTENGIRY .
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‘PER IPHERPL' Font.
or off. The resulting pattern can be redesigned, if you’re happy with your changes; Kept and stored in its new forms restored to its original form, if you decide not to change it.
Existing fonts can be sweeping!y modified by having bold, modern, and italics versions of themselves created with a few Keystrokes. As with Pixel Sketch, the effect of these modifiers Is cumulative. You can create a bold-modern version of a font, a modern~italics version, or any combination including all three at once. The calculation of the total numter of possible fonts that can be created from a single font with modifiers used alone or in combinations is left to the reader as an exercise.
The new font resulting from your design efforts can be placed into a library of up to 2@ fonts (so multiply your answer
not
above by 28>. Font Designer keeps track of the number of fonts, their names, and their positions within the library. It saves and loads them sequentially. Many different libraries can be
maintained up to the limit of your tape Cor disk) budget.
The Font Downloader will revise the font your printer by sending new dot patterns for the characters to the printer’s Ram, if your printer has this capability. You could, ostensibly,
uses
use any of the fonts in your library with Tasword. The font would take up no program memory. It would be in the printer’s
Stan thoughtfully wrote this utility in BASIC so others, smarter than myself, could write their own versions of Font
Downloader for their own printers.
I spent about an hour and a half each designing seven new fonts for my own use. It’s a tedious but rewarding process, made simple by Font Designer. Warning: I saw an eight by eight grid containing little white squares in my dreams for a week.
n_ Package:
Icon Package" consists of a library manager, designer, and converter packaged as three separate programs on one cassette. A Second cassette stores 162 different icons which can be loaded into the library.
The Library Manager will hold up to 115 icons, so you the opportunity of storing a few of your own creations having to start another library. Each icon is 58 pixels high 32 pixels wide in the Zebra (Greeting Card Designer) format.
The Library Manager contains a utility to resize each icon to two ar three times its original dimensions (four to nine times its original area) and its conversion to SCREENS format. Before the icon is saved in its new form, the option is given to place a one pixel wide frame around the Image.
have without by
SAMPLE NEWSLETTER PREPARED WITH LEMKE'S "PIXEL PRINT" DESKTOP PUBLISHER AND AN 80 COLUMN PRINTER.
Just Penne Beogs z a aa ol E ts (lolol is Be [elms P Tielsicle jesicrer Puseisnife on Tee Teen Biel RERR Eee Eavegener Febhished 4. ray
fea reat eg
intion, send ie a!
a nian yormene
gy es nese-wize. # hee been SFStaa Leake
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Sven HSCRIPTS
gulngad pia, TetbonEeEeT Beeps BEE, *Bigee ipifactheee.: of
This proved to be quite useful. I saved each original size as a separate SCREENS. Then I combined icon SCREENS’s with Pixel Sketch’s ‘merge screen" function group the icons Into related sets on a single SCREENS,
I now have seven SCREENS’s which can be used just like *Newsroom’s* clip art. Each icon can be selected for use, again with the "merge screen* function, for any new picture I want to create. (1 decided to use the smallest size for each icon, Instead of the double size or triple size. Pixel Sketch has the capability of resizing graphics with its *zoom™ function.)
‘The Icon Designer, the second program on the Icon Package cassette, will, as its name suggests, let you design a new icon and save it in Library Manager (Zebra Graphics) format. The new icon can then be loaded into the library.
in its selected to
icon
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~ The system consists of the IKDOS cartridge and a Double Density rear disk interface. 800K on a Quad Drive
- Fully 4068 / Spectrum compatible / 0S~64 compatible
- It uses all standard (Token) keyboard cassette commands CAT MERGE ERASE FORMAT LOAD SAVE PRINT and more
~ Uses NO RAM space . HAS 8K ROM and 8K RAM on board
~ NM Hexory Save Feature :PUSH-BUTTON program transfer
- A KEMPSTON compatible soatict port is also on the IF.
= Also, 10 Extended Basic Commands for Graphics, Utilities
dup to 3 scrolling Windows on the screen . An Aerco
copa ible printer driver is also in the Lkdos Cartridge
~ The disk interface is a compact rear mounted board that can support 1 to 4; 3" 3.5” or 5.25" SS,DS or Quad Drives
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the Lkdos uses the Aerco Ram as a RAM-DISK !
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The design screen has a vertical rectangle subdivided into 1856 cells (58 nigh by 32 wide?. A cursor moves, under Joystick control, to any cell, changing It from paper color to ink color if that cell (pixel) is to be *set* in the final design. Celle can be erased, thus re-setting that pixel in the final design. This process is more tedious than designing a font - about 29 times more tedious. If I reason the price charged for. the Icon Package to be just under a paltry 2@ cents each for the 162
leons, then the library, designer, and conversion programs are essentially free! Buying future Font Packages is cost effective. The final program is a Colossus Conversion Utility for putting the icon into the format required by Lemke’s “Colossus Graphic Banner* program. This does not relate to the concept of desktop publishing, but It does show Lemke’s committment to the support of his entire line of software. Pixel Print Desktop Publisher: The ‘meat’ of this whole package Is Pixel Print. <actually
it is a steak.) Pixel Print allows the loading of SCREENS format graphics and the insertion of text above, below, or onto the picture itself with pixel level resolution. You’re not limited to the standard T/S 2868 character positions.
A judicious choice of keys permits the user to scrol] a "window" on a page high column toward the bottom - 8, b, or TO - or toward the top - T, t, or THEN - respectively 8 rows, 1 row, or 1 pixel row at a time
Other keys allow the repositioning of the text. The AND, OR, NOT, and STEP commands of a column respectively one pixel to the down. The selected column segment that is position and size of a black, rectangular
Still other tokens allow pixel level adjustment of the text cursor’s position. The <=, =, THEN, and TO keys move the cursor one pixel up, down, left, and right respectively.
The latest version of Pixel Print provides “block™ commands to copy or erase screen segments and to insert or delete pixel rows. The block functions are available from a separate menu. What blocks or segments of the column are copied or erased and the position at which pixel rows are inserted or deleted Is determined by the text cursor’s position and size
The text cursor’s size is adjusted by selecting W for wide" or H for "high" fram the main menu, a two line prompt area below the work screen. It can be as small as 1 by 1 *normal* character size or as large as 32 by 22! The shifted 5-8 keys move the cursor one character of the selected size.
Text can be placed on the screen in any font you choose. The current font can be modified to its bold, modern, or italics version as previously described, or a new font can be loaded and modified. You can return at will to the standard character set.
graphics and/or move selected portions left, right, up, or moved depends upon the “text cursor."
It’s necessary to exit the menu mode when you want to add text to your document. Underline can be toggled on and off by pressing the underline character. The typing is somewhat slow,
especially when you’ve chosen larger than normal size letters.
Pixel Print formats the graphics and text into a single column 1 screen wide by 4-1/3 screens high. Two columns almost completely #i11 an 8-1/2 by {1 inch sheet. You can POKE two
addresses to set print positions for left and right columns and thus set the margins and the space between columns. You can print out a single column double its normal width
and length. One double size column fills two consecutive sheets. Thus filling the top half of a column with text and/or graphics and printing double size makes a “poster” or “sign.” One more POKE lets you adjust the double size print position.
SAMPLE NEWSLETTER PREPARED WITH STELDING'S "DESKTOP PUBLISHER" PROGRAM AND 2040 PRINTER.
Announcing A New Software
TIMEX 2868 DESKTOP PAGE EDITOR
Vols a, Moe 4 repruary 1907
Hew Progra Features Easy “Paste-lp” Arrangement For Bulletins Reports, Announcements, Posters, Presentations and Handouts
“Desttop Page Eaitor= is text is automaticatty arranged now available for the Timex So that words without room st Binchain Bess. the right end ofthe Line are Sesto printing se a wisceatin ther? entirety on Resetings Gnd artwort dnyunere enter your tere, fe tp ssaeUs Gna pase for newstettersy Tyeecsbe (paraarephs tn nen Shnouhtesents, "posters si HWBkencne reports.
‘Gther features include a Line editing function which
nor
‘States and proper spacing
thin'a Une. This feature
So allows yoy to put a
sign around the text as this
Fagrapheitiustr ater. Yonetion lets
pager "The normal text font is in t for easier
£8. Bthers texe Fonts ag toading then! Be at
Use your own. Unes°or' the SCREENS.
This mode can also create a ‘banner’ or headline for your document. The uppermost portion of a single column can be used to create the double size banner. Two slightly shorter columns
can be used to create the main body of the newsletter. It’s possible to perform periodic *keeps* of your work area
by pressing "K." The current work screen is stored in memory. It can be brought back to the work area by the “U*ndo command. The "Keep" function is automatically performed when loading of new
graphics or new fonts takes place.
The main body of the program has been compiled, but the 1/0 functions of saving and loading are left In BASIC. Thie allows easy conversion for mass storage devices. The choice of Ink and paper colors is left to the user. Editing one line is necessary.
Thorough instructions are provided for the customization of the built-in print driver for the characteristics of particular printers. Follow the directions. It will work the first tim
Those new to the concept of desktop publishing will the sample column included in the package most helpful. You can manipulate the sample to familiarize yourself with Pixel Print techniques before attempting your desktop publishing adventure.
Purchasers and other interested parties are asked to send 4 SASE’s so they can receive a quarterly “Pixel Print Press." The publication will contain user submissions and hints and tips on optimum use of the Pixel Print family of software.
find
"DESKTOP PAGE EDITOR”
@n entirely different approach has been taken with “Desktop Page Editor.* Both columns of a 2-column document can be handled in-memory at once. The columns can be viewed in their entirety by consecutive scrolling 28 rows at a time. You can examine both columns simultaneously, displaying the left half of each. Neat! Sacrifices, however, must be made. It’s necessary to type headlines and load graphics into a “source file" before typing text. Also, text must be entered in standard character positions and can’t be used to *label* SCREEN$’s in the source file “Headline* letters can be 2-5 rows high and 1-2
columns.
wide. The font you use can be chosen from among three in a Font Maker utility. Fonts are loaded in command mode, not from menu. Headline letters are displayed in outline format. You can either *fil1* the letters or create a "shadow" effect. Filled and shadowed fonts other than standard can be hard to read. @ SCREENS can be loaded, but you don’t have to use all of it. Uhen the picture is displayed, you press the ENTER key to
scroll the graphic a row at a time. The portion disappearing off the top of the screen is what is placed into the source file.
A ‘text editor" is used for text entry. Alternately you can enter text in REM statements and store it in the source file. ‘Format" handles this function and provides word wrap.
@ total of 168 lines can be placed into the source file.
This includes 22 lines for each full SCREENS. The program tracks the number of lines used and the number remaining.
To arrange the page layout as you would like it to you view the source file and decide which numbered want to move into your document. You choose where to place the selected portion of the source file, in column 1 or 2. Then the unshifted arrow keys move a UDG arrow to the correct line of your displayed document. The "D" key does the actual placement.
Printing of the document Is handled by user supplied print driver. The driver must COPY 22 lines of the screen without any extra linefeeds. You must edit one program line to replace the COPY command with the necessary RAND USR call.
The printout has markers designating the tops and bottoms of the two columns. You must cut the two columns apart and paste them together to form a single document.
appear, lines you
1 tried several versions of my Aerco print driver. None of them worked satisfactorily. All versions copied 24 lines, not the 22 required by Desktop Page Editor. This means only that my
print driver Is incompatible. It indicates no program defect.
Summary
Desktop Page Editor is available from Charles Stelding, 1415 South Baxter, Tyler, Texas 75781. It costs $19.95 postpaid. Pixel Sketch, Pixel Print, Font Package, and Icon Package can be obtained from Stan Lemke, 2144 White Oak, Wichita, Kansas 67207. Each is $19.95, but you only need Pixel Print if you have a good graphics program. Pixel Print is more ambitious, more versatile, and better supported by auxilliary products. It’s a better deal.
—————
WEVS FLASH!! After this Desktop report was written a new utility was added to the PIXEL PRINT line by Lemke Software Development. The new "TASWORD to PIXEL PRINT Conversion” program allows the user to create a text file with the flexibility of Tasword and then convert the file to Pixel Print format... then any combination of fonts/icons are possible, as well as other graphics. Price for the Tasword program is $19.95 ppd.
23
10 COMMANDMENTS OF
GOOD DESKTOP PUBLISHING
Bill Ferrebee
By now, a number of you may be exploring the ex- citing world of Desktop Publishing. It's nice to know that you can use your TS2068 (and QL) to print your own newsletter for your user group or school, and have it look almost typeset.
Of course, as soon as I discovered "the power", I read every book and article on the subject I could get my hands on. I read everything from books dedicated to the subject, to the manuals for Desktop Publishing soft- ware for other computers.
Recently, I read an article I found very useful. It was entitled "Invasion of the Laser Crud" (PERSONAL COMPUTING, May 1987, pp 57-60). In it, Paul Saffo gave ten rules that will help to design a better document.
Hence, the "10 Commandments of Good Desktop Pub- ishing":
1. Be clear about your intentions.
2. Keep it simple.
3. Look for good models.
4, Keep font variety to a minimun.
5. Be sensitive to white space.
6. Produce several versions of the same design.
7. Get a second opinion.
8. Create a visual hierarchy.
9, Keep lines short.
10. Don't follow the rules blindly.
Now a brief explanation of each rule:
1, BE CLEAR ABOUT YOUR INTENTIONS. The best way to design a document is AWAY from the computer. Sketch your design with paper and pencil, then work it into the computer. This way, you will make the computer work for you, and not vice versa. Put yourself in the reader's place. what would look interesting to you?
2. KEEP IT SIMPLE. When I first started taking computer classes in college, one of my professors summed up the "Ultimate Programming Logic" quite nicely. "Use the KISS methed,"he said. KISS stands for Keep It Simple, Stupid! There's no need to make a layout look complex. This generally causes the reader to lose con- centration and interest. Simplify, simplify, simplify... I can not stress this enough.
3. LOOK FOR GOOD MODELS. As the adage goes, "Imi- tation is the sincerest form of flattery". Keep your eyes open for layouts that interest you. Good places to look include other computer magazines, newspapers, even magazines like GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. I have started a file of sample pages from various publications. Anytime I want to try something different, I.take out the file.
4, KEEP FONT VARIETY TO A MINIMUM. I know. Having the ability to use an endless variety of text fonts is like letting a kid loose in a candy store. There are so many choices. But as I stated in rule 2, simple is best. Stick to one or two fonts for the main text. Use bold or italic variants for emphasis. Finally, if you really want to "go wild", use other fonts for headlines or graphic captions. This way, you can keep your reader's interest, and remove the "static" from the look of your document.
5. BE SENSITIVE TO WHITE SPACE. In publishing, blank space on a page is as important as the text and graphic content. It helps to separate sections, and draw the reader's eyes to highlighted portions of the page. Use white space as 4 "walkway" around the page. Leave enough so that you can move around without bumping into things.
6. PRODUCE SEVERAL VERSIONS OF THE SAME DESIGN. Publishing on a computer allows you the freedom to make changes to your ideas quickly and easily. Before you
settle on one particular layout, print several different ones. Then put them away, and go do something else. Later, go back and look them over again. I've found that after placing my concentration on another activity for awhile, I can be more subjective on what I have created.
7. GET A SECOND OPINION. And maybe even a third. Give your product to someone else to critique. Earlier, I said to put yourself in the reader's place. Now, let the reader make the judgement. Remember, any criticism a person may give you is to help you IMPROVE the product. So take any critism graciously.
8. CREATE A VISUAL HIERARCHY. Basically, this means to place your text and graphics to-read left to right, and from top to bottom. Place as few breaks in an article as possible. Breaking an article over a number of pages causes a reader to lose interest. This is commonly known as the "flow" of a document.
9. KEEP LINES SHORT. Again, if your lines of text stretch too long, you will lose the reader's interest. Generally text should be no longer than 10 to 12 words per line.
10. DON'T FOLLOW THE RULES BLINDLY. Consider the 10 rules (conmandments) more as guidelines. Don't be afraid to experiment. If you like what you see, USE IT!
I hope this information is helpful to you. If you have any comments or suggestions, drop me a line.
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TINE DESIGNS Tests . . shoot-out at the OL Desktop
Hike de Sosa
The popularity of so-called “desktop publishing” programs has zoomed upwards in recent months--every TV ad for major brand computers emphasizes their desktop publishing capability. It is the new computer craze!
And the QL world has not been spared. Within the past Few months we have seen Gap Software’s FRONT PAGE, Digital Precision'’s DESKTOP PUBLISHER, Gap’s FRONT PAGE EXTRA, the QUANTA library’s PAGE DESIGNER, and now DP’s DESKTOP PUBLISHER (Special Edition), all outgrowths of graphic-arts programs with more elaborate methods of handling text in conjunction with graphics, particularly oversized or Fine print and text in columns.
In this issue of TDM and the next we'll compare the latest of these desktop programs to better enable you to make the proper choice in purchasing one or another, if you want to get on the bandwagon.
First a little philosophy. You probably don’t need such a program. They are costly and time-consuming to learn and operate and oh-so-siow in printing unless you can afford some very expensive printer or plotter. For many decades, complex reports such as academic and scientific dis-
Digitul Precision’s DESKTOP PUBLISHER, version 1) is a fairly conprehensive, qraphieseoriented exanple af the carreit sottiare erazeera texteqrapbits editee, Sonevbot mare conprebensive progrons fur ‘njor conpuber bronds sell pur pron sis to nine tines os much ond ore nov the featured soflvare in prine-tine 1) connereials, W version 2 aad fpeeial Edition of DESKTOP PUBLISHER (tor G40 Qs) ore row ovoiloble--the latter, priced ot cbout $160, is soid to rival the wrigital Apple toe PUBLISHER progran which started the craze (at about $900), WP's DP cod OP Special Edition) ore, in the IP trodition, os complex as they ore Comprehensive, but are vell vorth the effort ond expense for those dedicated and capable enough th ase thenesif, that
sertations have been produced in normal typewriter typeface--models of clarity and exposition; many books have been published to tell us how todo this and most major publications have their "stylebooks.” So, if you keep it in mind that desktop publishing is probably a passing Fancy and very much oversold, it may give you a better perspective (and a proper contempt) for such software.
Second is the
is, you really weed sueh tapabilities, Crenedwsing Higtal Prvisen's Netto Palliser
= grephic-arts conposition progran selling for about $99 in this country, FRUET PAGE EXTMA, hereafter FPZ, is very
tsee-triendly and stecighttorvard te lern ad ise, ad nates direct use af EL QUILL document (doc) files shich the ariginal version of DESKTOP PUBLISHER, a anre graphics-
criented and auch wore expensive (about $100) progran, did ot, Folloving are extuples of FPA yser-deFined graphics-~ JB U0ks--vbich are prisitive by conparison vith thise intrinsic to Digital Precision’s DESETOP PUBLISHER, bereatter UF, tut both prograns rendily ingort graphic-arts files prepared on Eller prégragis DP ia a far Hire ottprelagaiee dealt
publishifg prégrag than [PE alich Lagdles text betters the atic Ay AOu eogpreleqain agd We ctpley) a deaktey Hblishiag grageta do you weate-and uted 40 pay te? Ay
vecoancedetion, valess you are ec dedicete gtapbiccerts ms
matter of good taste. Desktop publishing carried too far often results in documents with a "kitchy,” gingerbread appearance which may offend or distract the Treader Cor viewer, perhaps), detracting from the intended effect of your unassailable logic and riveting arguments. CI am reminded of an Air Force general who told a brilliant officer--no, it wasn’t me--who had just proposed profound and well-Founded recommendations regarding the command's wartime mission to get a haircut, shine his shoes, and shave off his mustache.)
Third is the matter of efficiency. We have said that using desktop publishing programs is time-consuming and expensive. A good test of whether or not we should use such a program for a particular product is to reflect on whether the increased overhead will improve the cashflow Cor your personal reputation) commensurately. As a management
analyst, I can assure you that most of the te iti ii ; reposts! ‘prepared usine ‘such suftwere. “is abile giving dae ainieation to ay batlers ul the guaieses makework! Placing text in columns seems to tho develaped DESCTAP PUILISHEL, The Ucchen's Lazer averd,
be e major attraction to desktop publishers, Aovever, should ga to those practical types et Sup Softuare
but any word-processor may be used to 7 7 & - produce text in narrow columns which may Uhh, Ge FREMT PHEE EXTRE, did something bont as siaply at then be cut and pasted togsther and then as elegantly os it cavld be done, fo, Cap!
copied quite easily. And any ergonomist
will tell you that longer lines of text--up peented.uscog: ERONT: PACE: ERIRS
to 100 columns, perhaps--are easier and _ quicker to read than text in narrow columns. 21
DESKTOP PUBLISHER # # # # #
Let's first consider Digital Precision’s DESKTOP PUBLISHER, version 1.0 (version 2.0 and a Special Edition which requires a 640K GL were not available for testing and will be discussed in the next
>. Version 1 requires a QL with
Time Designs: at least eS6K of additional RAM and is just too comprehensive to describe in detail in
an article of this length--12 integral graphics fonts (sets of characters), 8 integral text Fonts, 10 non-integral fonts, rotation, mirror-imaging, and shadowing of characters, etc., etc. One could go on and on, OUPUP is partly menu-driven and capable of importing specially prepared QL QUILL documant files. But with comprehensiveness goes complexity Cand a higher price, $100), and DPDP may not be for everyone.
FRONT PAGE EXTRA # # He #
Gap Software’s FRONT PAGE was the First so-called desktop publisher for the 128K QL. FRONT PAGE EXTRA is more comprehensive and requires a GL with 256K additional RAM. On a 640K or 896K OL, this leaves lots of room for multitasking complementary programs such as QL QUILL,other Psion programs, and other text and graphic-arts programs. fore text- oriented than DPDP, FPX is very aasy to
IT?S COMING!
learn and use and makes direct use of GL QUILL document files which it can "micro- justify” Cby spacing between letters) into two, thres, or four columns on a page. FPX is fully menu-driven with improved cut-and- paste, text font, user-defined graphics and file-handling routines. I have not yet been able to multitask FPX using TASKMASTER, but there is probably a way; I understand that FPX does multitask well using SWOPPER Cabout $35). FRONT PAGE is available at about $30 and FRONT PAGE EXTRA at about $50.
I might add here that many desktop publishing ideas and formats are included in my new book
available from Time Designs.
NEXT TIME: Digital Precision’s DESKTOP PUBLISHER Special Edition and the bargain- basement PAGE DESIGNER from the GUANIA library.
BOeeocececeeeeoececee
Both Digital Precision’s DESKTOP PUBLISHER and SPECIAL EDITION were obtained for this review from SHARP's, INC., Rt 10 Box 459, Mechanics— ville, VA, 23111, phone (804) 746-1664
Watch for further reports on D.P.’s newest Desktop Publisher "Special Edition” v2.0.
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SuperBASIC EDITOR FOR THE QL
Joe Newman
"The editor isn't very good" is a common complaint about the QL's SuperBASIC. The statement usually refers to the fact that there is no full screen editing of Programs available on a standard Sinclair QL. I per- sonally don't think the QL's line editor is that bad, but Iwill admit that many times I find myself trying to use "shift 1" to edit a line. (Shift 1 is the edit command on the Timex 2068, but unfortunately not on the QL...all shift 1 does is print a copyright symbol!)
The problem is that many QL'ers (as QL Users are often referred to) don't realize that a very powerful, versatile, and full-function editor comes with the QL, absolutely FREE! Furthermore, it can even be used to re- arrange a progran totally a provide a print out as well. In case you haven't already guessed, I am referring to QUILL--better know in the U.S. as "QL Word Processor".
By using two simple "tricks", programs can be loaded into Quill for editing, or they may be created from scratch while in Quill, then loaded back into SuperBASIC. I have often heard people say this can't be done. But it can be, as I have done it, and will now explain how.
This first step must be done for either of the following: You must set up the proper print driver for Quill. To do this, put your mdv/disk with INSTALL BAS (or PLP, etc.). Choose to edit typestyle OTHER, then set LINE FEED to LF and CONTINUOUS FORMS to YES. For further information on installing, see the QL User's Guide. Once this procedure is done, you can change the name “OTHER” to "PROGRAM", and hit F5 to install this driver. The best thing to do is set up a separate mév cart or disk with Quill and this printer driver, so you don't have to keep switching drivers.
Now you can either edit a program or create a new one. First to edit an existing program: Add the proper _LIS extension to your program's name. This MUST be done Gr you will not be able to load it into Quill. If you don't have a simple way of renaming a file on disk/cart. just load the file into the QL, DELETE it off disk or mdv, then SAVE it with the same file name, just with the extension added. For example, suppose you wish to edit a file called "Sprial". Simply LOAD MDV1 Spiral (or what- ever storage device is used), DELETE MDV1_Spiral, then SAVE MDV1_Spiral_LIS and the procedure is Complete.
Now execute Quill. Make sure the media containing your renamed file is in drive #2. hit F3, 0, F, and then I, This chooses the FILE command and IMPORT's a file. Next, just type the name of your file (with or without the LIS extension) and hit ENTER. You will then be ed if you wish to import by line or paragraph. Choose for line. Quill will now load in your program, all ready for editing. Don't use any alternative typestyles or control codes for printing, as they will ruin the program. Be aware that some program lines that are no longer 80 columns will be scrolled off the right side of the screen, Just use the right arrow to move the cursor to these lines.
After you have edited your program, follow the step below that says "CONTINUE HERE FOR BOTH."
To create a program in Quill is even easier. Just execute Quill (with the proper printer driver installed, see above). Then start typing and editing your program lines as you wish. Don't forget that if you move program lines around, you should change the line numbers to read sequentially in proper order. Now just follow the step below.
CONTINUE HERE FOR BOTH: Once a program is edited to your satisfaction, and you wish to load it back into SuperBASIC, do the following: Hit F3, the P (for PRINT). Hit ENTER (twice only). This will bring you to the prompt which says "to printer". You want to print this file to "storage", NOT the "printer"...so type in a file name here. As you start typing, the words "to printer” disappear and are replaced by your new file name. Then hit ENTER and the file is "printed" to storage.
Leave Quill (you may wish to save the file normally first). It is ok to use’ the same name as the one you specified in the print command, as they are saved with different extensions. Reset your QL and get back to SuperBASIC. To load your newly edited program, just type LOAD, the drive name, the file name, and add the LIS extension. (i.e., LOAD MDV1 Spiral LIS. The _LIS “ex~ tension was added when you "printe the file to the storage device. The program should load just like a normal program...all ready to go.
Have fun experimenting with this. If you have any trouble, questions or comments, please feel free to drop me a line at: Variety Sales, 325 W. Jersey St., #2D, Elizabeth, NJ 07202.
QL EASEL/BUSINESS GRAPHICS "TIPS" Hike de Sosa
In 1985 when the QL market, the QL EASEL (BUSINESS GRAPHICS) program alone would have been reason enough for business offices to purchase a QL--so advenced was the program. (Even "Big Blue” IBM purchased a few OLs, possibly because of QL EASEL.) While still an excellent program, QL EASEL has been overtaken in the intervening years by business graphics programs with 3-dimensional bar graphs,
First hit the
built-in outline maps of countries and states, etc. But QL EASEL has no real rival for the QL.
TROUBLESOME COMMANDS & FUNCTIONS
QL Easel has a good HELP facility--one of the best tutorials for learning the ins and outs of the program, Key Fl and then Fil again to see how HELP works, then key ENTER
to get into the regular HELP ‘sequence and proceed as directed. From within the program at any point, key Fl gfter you have selected a command or option for relevant HELP assistance. There is a curious omission in the QL EASEL HELP facility, however, that is, explanation of the eleven QL Easel functions: ABS(n), ATN(n), COS(n), EXP(n), INT(nd, Lin), PIC), SEN(n)d, SINCn), S@R¢n), and TAN). COL EASEL functions are use in formulas which may be used to determine the value of a ber, line entry, or segment and are commonly used to create whole new sets of figures at one swoop.) Function use is pretty straightforward, but for details you must consult your @L User Guide or another source. Function names must be immediately followed by parentheses
34
QLQLQLQLQLQLQLQLQLQLaQLaLaLaL
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A few keystrokes and you can create, change and play the sound that you are trying for!
SOME OF THE FEATURES OF THIS PROGRAH: CHANGE: DURATION-FUZZY-PITCH1-PITCH2-GRAD_X-GRAD_Y WRAP AND RANDOM. ALSO INCLUDES SEVERAL BUILT IN SAMPLE SOUNDS THAT HAY BE USED AS STARTING POINTS!
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QLOLOQOLOQLOLQLQLOQLQLQLQLQLQLQLQL
enclosing a single number or numerical expression which the function transforms;
PIC) is an exception: its parentheses are always empty. Change is a powerful, omnibus command
which permits you to modify how a graph will
look in every respect: its format, bars, lines, axes, colors, background, labels, etc. Often overlooked is that any bar
format may be converted to a Format using Change and the Line option; each set of data represented by a bar will have to be converted (select Olddete before selecting Change) separately. Graphs incorporating both bars and lines Cand don’t Forget the use of "filled lines” as a backdrop) are often quite effective. The Axis option of the Change command permits you to, among other things, change axis limits (after selecting the Axis option, key
line-graph
ENTER, select the ”?” option, and select Change axis limits): axis limits can be selected to be automatic, manual, or
sutomatic with zero always shown, CSome data analysts insist that the zero value must be shown ona graph to put variations in true perspective; it is true that data Fluctua- tions may be misrepresented by omitting zero values on the vertical axis of a graph.)
Default is used only to select the column-width of the printed or viewed graph.
Edit, like Change, is a powerful omnibus command frequently used in con— junction with the Text option of the Change command to put the Finishing touches on your graphs.
Files, another omnibus command, puts you into the File management mode in which you can format Microdrive cartridges, disks, or RAMdisks and backup, delete, import, or export GL EASEL Files. Highlight is used to particular value ina or all negative values.
emphasize a barchart or piechart
Be sure you understand all of the functions of the Nendata and Olddata commands.
Print prints the displayed graph; three options are offered: Print the graph; Screen dump th screen to a named backup file; and Install to install a new printer driver.
QL EASEL FORMULAS
It should be kept in mind that QL EASEL is designed to work hand-in-glove with QL ABACUS: imported data in the proper format is converted directly into graphic form. No numeric values are calculated and displayed
as such in QL EASEL. For example, the GL ABACUS spreadsheet : A B c D 21 cashflow Jans7 Feb87 Nara7 2! costs S500 700 800 31 sales 1000 1100 1200 41 profits 500 400 400
if exported and then imported into OL EASEL, would be seen as threes sets of figures named costs, sales, and profits with cells labeled Jan87, Feb87, and Maré7, respectively. There
are rather strict rules for the file structure of export files. See the Informa— tion section at the rear of your QL User
Guide for Further Formulas may set of Figures or
guidance. be used to change an old to create a new set:
figures = figures x 2
or, newfig = figures / 2
QL EASEL interprets input data preceded by @ quotation mark as text, input data beginning with a number as 8 number, and input data beginning with the name of a set of Figures or a Function name including the name of a set of Figures as argument as a Formula.
Tuo reserved keywords are used in OL EASEL formulas to speed-up graph-making: cell which is equal to the cell number in a bargraph counting from left to right and cellmax which is equalto the number of cells displayed in the graph. The latter is commonly used to adjust the scale of the horizontal axis in a bargraph, for example,
curve = sin€2¥pitd#(cell-1)/(cellimax-i))
draws one complete sine wave regardless of how many cells are displayed.
PHOTOGENIC GRAPHS
Making 35mm color slides of OL EASEL
graphs is about the quickest and least expensive way to display business Cand some scientific) data in a quality manner. For
smaller audiences--up to six, say--you could give a presentation directly from the monitor screen.
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Use tripod, with
a single-reflex 35mm camera ona preferably, but not necessarily, a short telephoto (&S-100mm) or macro lens. Adjust your tripod legs (you may want to make marks on your floor for future reference) and centerpost so that your camera lens is perpendicular Cin two planes)
to the monitor screen and that your view- finder displays a focused image of the monitor screen. (Check the top, bottom, and corners of your viewfinder to see that all is in acceptable focus with your lens stopped down to f5.6.)
If you use a shutter speed much faster
than 1/8 of a second, your picture might be lost. Using ASA 100 color-slide film, bracket several exposures sround f5.6 and
4/4 second. Reflections, even at night ina darkened room, present problems. I use a 4x6 Foot lightweight black cloth thrown over
the monitor, camera, and me--just like the old-timers. If you have the necessary equipment--little is really necessary--and
want to develop the slides yourself, buy
Film that uses the E-6 process; there ere several choices. One could develop a cottage industry
around making 35mm slide presentations for various business and other groups in your community. Become a graphic artist!
A PROFITABLE EXAMPLE
Shown below is an example of a QL EASEL printout which served to win ma a $24,000 reduction in the estimated true cash value of my property for tax purposes a few years back.
ASSESSED TRUE CASH VALUE OF CE SOSA LAND - 1977 to 1986
tt "ceo , : | p [ | | | a, | 608 | | , } 41838
re sn |e 4 L E fn a
78 789 75-8 GOL G2 3 BH OS Os
Tox_Yer
Many other tips for using OL EASEL are included in my new book
Taking the Quantum Lap, available from Time Designs magazine. QL TURBOQUILL+
A few months ago, I recommended a OL QUILL accessory program called TURBOQUILL. Its greatly improved and enhanced big brother is now available. Not only does the new version speed-up GL QUILL processing, it also changes the OL QUILL cursor to white when CAPSLOCK is on. An important enhancement is the inclusion of a Glossary Function with which you can define the Function of 22 alphabetic keys through an automatic Learn Mode. The defined-key Sequence may be a command or text string and may be used to set the defaults within a
given QL QUILL document, to set other defaults in mid-document, or to load text segments or entire documents. The "S” key
definition is activated immediately after QL QUILL start-up, permitting the automatic setting of defaults, printing of letterheads, etc.
QL TURBOQUILL+, compatible with SPELL- BOUND and TASKMASTER but not, apparently,
with ORAM, is available from Athens Consul- tants, 33 Holly Grove, Fareham Hampshire, PO1S 7UP, U.K. Ctelephone 0329 282083) for
about $20, including AIRMAIL postage. BE SURE TO SPECIFY YOUR VERSION OF QL QUILL/ WORDPROCESSOR, FOR EXAMPLE, VERSION 2.3.
FILEBOUND RHYMES WITH SPELLBOUND
@A drawback of Sector Software’s excellent spelling-checker, SPELLBOUND, vas thet it could not be used to proofread already existing (the more literate will excuse the redundancy)? GL QUILL or EDITOR documents. But PDOL Computer Systems and Software--an excellent British company—-has come to the rescue and produced a low-cost patch program which modifies existing documents so that thsy can be proofread using SPELLBOUND and, as a bonus, can create
lists of words that may be added to the SPELLBOUND dictionary. FILEBOUND is available from PDQL, Unit 1, Heaton House, Camden Street, Bicmingham Bl 3B2, U.K.
(telephone O21 233 3042) for about $10 and a Microdrive cartridge.
NEXT TIMEs DEALING WITH QL TRUMP CARD AND ITS 96K RAM, and more new equipment.
THE 2xXxS81i7TS1000 LIVES ON!
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Super Music for the ZX81/TS1000/TS1500
Zack Xavier Haquer
‘The ZX81l-type computers don't have "sound", right? WRONG! If you ever listened to a tape of a computer program, you'll realize that it is capable of screechy noises that could loosely be called “sound". Well, ok, but it isn't capable of music, right? WRONG AGAIN! If you've envied those other machines that can beep out a tune or a laser sound, there's no longer any need to feel left out.
The machine-code program presented here gives you three octaves of sound. As listed, the lowest note is the "A" just below "Middle C", but you can move your spectrum up or down as desired. But that's not all; it is easy to write and play music using only BASIC commands, thanks to a built-in “music interpreter". No, you can't do.multiple voices (though you can simulate two voices as shown in the demo), and you can't vary the envelope or modify the waveform. Also, since it has to run in FAST mode, you can't see your display screen while the music is playing (unless you have the Oliger video upgrade). Still, this relocatable machine code routine might be just what the conductor ordered to tune in your BASIC software.
You won't need much in the way of hardware. If you wish, you could connect a mic-level amplifier/speaker to the MIC output. Alternately, simply use your cassette deck. Connect the MIC from the computer to the MIC jack on the recorder, and connect an earphone or a_ small Speaker to the EAR jack of the recorder. Then take an old useless cassette, and cut or remove the tape, making a "dummy" cassette. This will allow you to place the recorder in RECORD mode without actually recording any- thing. Or you could, of course, simply save to tape, and listen to your computer sonata after it has been re- corded. Finally, a cheap AM radio located near the computer might pick up the sound, but with reduced quality.
The machine-code routine takes up exactly 256 bytes. It is fully relocatable, so you can place it anywhere you want. A good place is in a 1 REM statement; this article will assume that this is where you'll want to put it, but remember that you can move it elsewhere if you wish. Simply change the LET BEEP= statement to match the start of your code.
Also required is 144 bytes after the code, for the frequency/duration lookup table. So start by entering a 1 REM followed by 400 X's or other character. Use a POKER program such as LISTING 2 of the "Kaleidoscope" article in TDM Vol.3 No.1 You only have to change line 3 to read: FOR A=16514 TO 16769. RUN your loader program, and enter the decimal values given in TABLE 1. When you're done, delete the loader lines and enter line 2 and lines 9000-9991 of LISTING 1. (Incidentally, if your listing gets stuck at line 1, be sure you have a line 2, then LIST 2 followed by POKE 16419,2.) RUN 9000 to generate the data table. When it stops, enter CONT to fill the rest. Line 9170 may be removed to speed up the process; it is included to show the significance of the various data elements.
Each entry in the table corresponds to one of the 36 possible notes, and consists of four bytes. The first two give the "delay constant" that determines the frequency of the note. (We call this "BC" in the program since this is the register pair used for this purpose.) The second two bytes give the number of cycles required for each note, at the minimum possible duration.
The signal generated by the routine is perfectly symmetrical (50% duty cycle), The minimum ON and OFF time (BC=1) is 199 "T" states, and each increment of BC increases this time by 26 T states. Though the actual clock frequency is 3.5 miz., the "effective" clock frequency of the machine is 3.192 mHz. (T-states per second) because of the keyboard-sensing routine in the non-maskable interrupt. So, the frequency outputted will be:
FREQ=3.192E6/(2*(199+26*(BC-1) ))
By transposing this equation, the value of BC for a given frequency is:
BC=1 + ((1.596E6/FREQ)-199)/26
Each note (half-step) will be a fixed ratio higher in frequency than the previous one. Since there are 12 half-steps per octave, and each octave represents a doubling in frequency, this ratio is 27(1/12). The pro- gram-calculates each frequency using this ratio, and prints is as the first entry in the screen table. From this is calculates BC, and then "back-calculates" the ACTUAL frequency which will result. (Since only integer values can be POKEd, there will always be some im precision in the actual frequency.) Finally, it cal- culates how many cycles of each note are required for the minimum time interval (sixteenth note at the fastest tempo).
The "A" below Middle C is defined at 440 Hz. You can move your scales up or down by changing line 9040. For example, to move it down an octave LET FREQ=220, to move it up an octave, LET FREQ=680, etc. You can even transpose music to different scales by using other values. For instance, if you wrote a piece in the key of Cand wish to transpose it to E (4 half-steps higher), simply define your lowest "A" to C# (LET A=554.4).
When experimenting with different ranges, you should be aware that the lower notes, the more accurate the PITCH becomes. On the other hand, the higher notes, the more accurate the DURATION becomes.
After generating your table, enter the rest of LISTING 1. Then RUN for a demo. Enter the desired tempo (more about that later). A good tempo for the first music demo (line 100) is 180. Press any key when done for the second part (line 200) which; gives a "laser" effect. Again press any key for a "siren" demo (line 300). Finally, press a key to play thé second music demo (line 400), which show how you can simulate two voices! A suggested tempo for this is 240, Pretty neat, eh?
Here's how "MoTSart" is used. Your BEEP command must always be of the form: IF USR BEEP THEN... where BEEP has been initialized to the start of the program (16514 in this case). What follows the REM are your musical commands and data. COMMANDS include semicolons ";" and commas ",",
A SEMICOLON is used to set the duration of the following notes. After the semicolon command must be a number or letter (1-G), defining duration as follows: - Sixteenth note - Eighth note - Dotted eight note ~ Quarter note - Dotted quarter note - Half note - Dotted half note - Whole note
QANBAAWNY
ig ae
Values inbetween will give other (unorthodox)
note durations. Once the duration has been set, it will re- main in force until changed by another semicolon com- mand.
COMMAS are used to tell MoTSart that a note or rest is to be played. If the conma is followed by a single space, a rest is played. Otherwise, you must follow the comma with a number (1-3) specifiying the octave, followed by a letter (A-G) specifying the note (pitch).
The note letter may be followed by "accidentals", rep— Bee aun gee gar taee aaa aea resented as "+" for sharps and "~" for flats. Note that
TABLE ts
MOTSART DECIMAL DATA
234 40 2 207 26 35 126 254 you can't flat the lowest A (1A), or sharp the highest G 25 32 20 35 126 214 29 254 (36). 16 56 6 126 203 255 119 207
124 60 50 9 64 24 230 254
The only other command is to set the overall
TEMPO. This is done using the RAND command. See the peeicie hawdtes on iaaurees ge demo; simply RAND 1200/(desired tempo). The number you a sa 9 a4 98 88 50 44 divide into 1200 represents the nunber of beats (quarter 87 1 45 6 11 120177 32 notes) per minute; 120 represents two quarter-notes per 251 21 32 245 29 32 238 24 second, or one 4/4 bar every tuo seconds. 188 214 29 254 3 49 215 245,
NoTSart generates its own error codes. Error R Go 196 24 ABR 2 Ae 2Bd
167 40 23 254 3 48 3 60 24 16 32 4 254 6 40 «4 198 4 79 35
means that you are trying to use a non-valid way of calling the ‘routine, or don't have a REM after. the IF USR BEEP. THEN. Error (inverse semicolon) means that a
SEMICOLON command (duration) is out of range. Finally, 3 12 24 9254 22 32 3 all other errors are trapped with error (inverse comma), 13° 24 1 43 241 71 128 128 which means that a COMMAN command is incorrectly for- a4 Ge ee = oS BH BH matted or out of range. If you get a semicolon or comma lig cag. ce. e - Ups “et 90 as error réport, the offending: character in the line is 7 35 94 35 @6 225 24 2 flagged by turning to inverse video. BEWARE of errors 24 157 175 245 175 245 197 211 right at the end of the line! If this happens, the end- 255 11 120 177 32 251 245 0 of-line marker gets POKEd out, causing the next line to oz 0 62 7 G1 32 253 241 be "strung" together with your BEEP line. If you're not Bee Ag gLe Peg nauk teu.” Gee cae careful and manage to fall into this trap, DO NOT try to ik sas: 4a eas 62, Sele 82 edit the line! The best thing to do in this case is to 253 241 24 209 241 60 253 190 delete the line and re-enter it from scratch. 50 40 6221 9 6 0 24
Now you and your ZX/TS can make beautiful music 194 27 122 179 32 188 24 184 together!
240 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ;1,9G+ 13G,3F+,3F,3E,3E-,3D,3C+,3C,38,3
B-,3A, 26+ ,26,2G-, 2F, 2E,2E-,20,2C +,2C,2B,2B-,2A,1G+,1G,1G~,1F,1E, 1E-,1D,1C+,1C,1B,1B-,1A
245 IF USR BEEP THEN REM 10, £—_____—* ‘250 NEXT N
260 GOSUB 80
Note: line 350 is
the same as line 240. LISTING 1: BASIC
2 REM MOtsART
3 GOTO 100
10 REM SET TEMPO SUBROUTINE 20 PRINT "TEMPO?"
Line 245 ends with a space.
300 REM SIREN 425 RETURN a0 INT TEED 310 LET TEMPO=600 480 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ,26,2C 50 LET BEEP=16514 320 GOSUB 40 :2G, ,2G,2E,2G, ,2F,20,2F, ,2F,2 60 RETURN 930 FOR N=1 TO S B,2F, ,2E,2C,2E, ,2£,16,2E, ,2D, 80 REM WAIT SUBROUTINE 340 IF USR BEEP THEN REM 31,14, 2A,2D,2A,2D,2B,2D, 51 90 IF INKEYS="" THEN GOTO 90 1A+,1B,1C,1C+,1D,1D+,1E,1F,1F+,1 485 RETURN
95 RETURN
100 REM MUSIC DEMO
105 GOSUB 10
410 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ;8,2E; 5,251, 32,2G;C,2C;4,2D, 26, 2F,26 12D;8,2E35,2F+31, $2,2F43C, 26;4,3A;3,3B;1,2B;4,3B;3,30;1,2A 34, 9A5C, 26; 2,2D,2E;6,2F 52,2654 ,2 52, 2E, 2F 36,2652, 2F 54,2652, 2F 26 34,3A,2G,2F,2E;B,2D;1,1D32,2D,2E 36, 2F 32,254,205 2,2E ,2F 36, 2652,2 F34,2E,2C,2D,26;2,2G,2F+ ,2E,2F+; 6,26
120 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ;8,2E; 5,2G31,1632,26;G,2C36,2F32,2F 36, BA;2,3A;G, 2D 58,2636, 26+ 2, 26434, 3A, 2F ,2E,2D;8,2C,2D;G,2E 58,2636, 3C}2,3C34,3A,2F,2E,2D;8,26, 2856, 2052, 2C,2E,2G,3C,3A,2F,2D,2E-,2E » 2G ,34,3B,3C53,2C,1C
130 GOSUB 80
140 CLS
150 PRINT "RUN AGAIN?"
140 PAUSE 4E4
170 IF INKEY$="Y" THEN GOTO 100 200 REM LASER
210 LET TEMPO=1200
220 GOSUB 40
230 FOR N=1 TO 10
G,1G+, 2A, 2A+, 2B, 2C,2C+, 2D, 2D+ ,2E 1 2F ,2F+,26,2G+ ,3A,3A+ ,3B,3C,3C+, 3D, 3D+ ,3E,3F ,SF+,36,3G+
350 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ,3G+,3 G6, 3F+, SF, 3E,3E-,3D,3C+,3C,3B,3B- »3A, 26+, 2G,26-,2F ,2E,2E-,2D,2C+, 2C,2B,28-,2A,16+,16,16-,1F,1E,1E =,1D,1C+,1C,1B,1B-,1A
360 NEXT N
370 GOSUB 80
400 REM SIMULATING 2 VOICES
410 GOSUB 10
420 GOSUB 470
430 GOSUB 480
440 GOSUB 480
450 GOSUB 470
460 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ,2C,1E »2C,1E,2C,1E,2C,16;4,20
465 GOSUB 80
466 STOP
470 IF USR BEEP THEN REM 51,2C, 1E,2C, ,2C,1E,2C, ,2G6,2E,2G, ,26 12E,2G,' ,3A,2F 3A, ,3A,2F 3A, 52 6, 2E,2G,2E,2G,2E,25, ,2F,2D,2F, ,2F,2B,2F, ,2E,2C,2E, ,2E,1G,2E, 12D,2A,2D, ,2D,1F,2D, ,2C,1£,2C
16, 2,16, 20,16
33
9000 REM SET UP DATA TABLE
9010 CLS
9020 PRINT "FREG ; BC ACTUAL NO =CYCLES as
9090 LET BYTE=16770
9040 LET FREG=440
9050 LET RATIO=2%#(1/12)
9060 FOR N=i TO 36
9070 LET BC=INT (((1.596E6/FREQ) =199)/2641.5)
9080 IF BC=0 THEN LET BC=1
9090 LET ACT=1.596E6/(199426%(8C =i)
9100 LET DE=INT (ACT*.013+.5) 9110 RAND BC
9120 POKE BYTE+0,PEEK 16434 9130 POKE BYTE+! ,PEEK 16435, 9140 RAND DE
9150 POKE BYTE+2,PEEK 16434 9160 POKE BYTE+3,PEEK 16435,
9170 PRINT CINT (FREQ#10+.5))/10 jTAB _7;BC;TAB 115CINT CACTHIO+.5 )/10;TAB 185;DE
9180 LET BYTE=BYTE+4
9190 LET FREG=FREG*RATIO
9200 NEXT N
7210 STOP
9990 SAVE ‘MOTSARt*
9991 GOTO 100
a CLASSIFIED
FREE ADS FOR SUBSCRIBERS
FOR SALE: 2050 MODEM in original case. MTERM I and II, Loader IV, and V, Letteriter/Bufferiter, Casboard 2068, MTERM Manual by Barry Carter, The Guide To 1S Telecommunications. All for $75. Dave Bennett, 329 Rear Walton St., Lemoyne, PA 17043, (717) 774-7531.
FOR SALE: TS2068 w/Romswitch, printer, modem, recorder, Aerco printer interface, many programs books & mags for TS - send SASE for complete list - George Basil, 206 Smallwood Dr., Snyder, NY 14226.
WANTED: SPECTRUM ASTRONOMER by CP Software. Aaron Reese, Rt 2 Box 185, Advance, NC 27006. Will buy or trade.
I'M SPONSORING A PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE POOL for TS2068. Send $4 CON + 4 sixty minute cassettes w/your public domain software on them to: A Albrecht, #305-9930 Bonaventure Dr. SE, Calgary,
» Canada 72S 414.
FOR SALE: TS2068 computer (needs repair, no p.s. or manual) $25, TS2068 computer with RGB mod ana Spectrum kbd $65,—-brand_new 2050 modem $40, MTERM s/w $10,>Tele- video personal terminal w/monitor kbd case and p.s.-no logic board $25. Misc software and books-write for a list. Dave Maccarone, 67 Bradley Ct., Fall River, MA 02720.
FOR SALE: A&J(vl) $90;—Malfunc-— > tioning Zebra Disk (org.) $200 or best offer. WANTED: Zebra FDD 3000 w/CPM & Spectrum, Aerco disk, 2050 w/software. Billy McBrine, 514
S. Jackson St., Salisbury, NC 28144, (704) 633-7817.
WANTED: PLUG-IN type keyboard for 181000 (Suntronics type). James Cramer, 636 S. Laura #24, La Puente, CA 91744, (818) 810-4210.
FOR SALE: 7S1000 in metal cabinet with keyboard, Westridge modem, Aerco C.P. Interface, Memotech 64K RAM. Send for complete hardvare and software list to: Richard Beier, 1 Darwin Drive, N. Merrick, NY 11566,
DIABETICS--HYPERTENSIVES:-~2068 programs to keep records of your control. Your doctor will love you when you show charts.--$10 each. Dr. W.C. Andrews, 30 Oak Knoll Dr. San Anselmo, CA 94960.
MILLENIA-K USERS: Utility disk for Ramex interface includes TRACKER the sector editor. DS/QD disk or cassette $11.00 ppd., check or M.O. toz Munson H. Cockayne, 342 Trotter Ct., Sanford, FL 32773.
GARAGE SALE 42: Our last sale of computer “odds and ends" that cluttered our office was quite successful, and we've managed to come up with even more items (both hardware and software for Sinclair computers). There is even some general electronic items including music devices. Send a legal SASE for complete list to: Tim Woods,
c/o TOM, 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, OR 97017.
WANTED: DOCUMENTATION in English for QL GIGA MOUSE, Michael Kudelka 4859 Sacramento Ave., St. Louis, MO 63115-2028.
WANTED: Copy of WMJ Data Systems “QuarTers" Newsletter (Vol.1 No.3, Summer 1985), Needed to complete collection. Can trade other news- letters--send needs. Tony Willing, PO Box 199, Vashon, WA 98070.
FOR SALE: ORIGINAL TS1000/zx81 program tapes plus engineering programs (HVAC, piping, plumbing). Por details, send legal size SASE to: D.H. Berry, 2106 Opal Dr., Orlando, FL 32822.
2068 PLOTTING w/commodore 15230
CADZ IS HERE: Design on a four screen page, 16 screens w/256K, 28 functions, fast MC. Requires Aerco disk & Artworx vl.1--$20. Larry Zunk, 4800 E. Cedar Ln., Norman, OK 73017, (403) 366-8595,
TIMEX COMPUTER REPAIRS, upgrades. PC boards assembled and tested. Write for prices. Dan Elliott, Rt 1, Box 117, Cabool, MO 65689, (314) 739-1712, 5.p.m.-9 p.m.
FOR SALE: 2X81 complete in Sun- tronics keyboard w/UHF modulator plus 16K RAM. Many extra prograns & books for TS. Send SASE for a complete list: George Basil, 206 Smallwood Dr., Snyder, N¥ 14226.
FOR SALE: TS2068, Zebra 2-drive
PDD 3000 w/adapter/T0S & CPM, disks, Spectrum EMU cartridge, all w/power supplys, manuals. Books, software. Dave Staats, 7317 Sunset, Jenison, MI 49428. SASE or (616) 457-1236.
BOTH DIAMOND MIKE & GAME GRAPHICS SHOW for $10. Compass $10. Money Machine II, $11. Send stamp for catalog on 1000, 2068, FD-68 products, Chia-Chi Chao, 73 Sullivan Dr., Moraga, CA 94556.
“151000, 752040, Memotech add-ons (RAM's, K-Board, HRG, Printer I/F, etc), Brother thermal printer, 12" monochrome monitor, software, books (will send list on request). A. Laviolette, 16-1385 Bernard, Montreal, CANADA H2V lwl.
FOR SALE: TS2068 Color Computer, hardware and software. For free price list, send SASE to: Darrell K. Strong, 1043 Kinau St. #404, Honolulu, HI 96814.
“FOR SALE: ALPHACOM 32, power
supply, Textwriter 64, Artworx vl.1., Zeus, Chess, 2print-80, etc-all 2068. Also seeking local 2068'ers! W. Flower, 18404
Vincennes St. #22, Northridge, cA 91325,
4-color HI-RES printer/plotter! TOY-R-US has the 1520 for $30 and the Interface hardware/soft- ware is available from John McMichael, 1710 Palmer Drive, Laramie, WY 82070. Send SASE for info and sample plot.
FOR SALE: 20 TIMEX Cassettes plus extras at $20 ppd. All with original instructions/boxes. Also 2 Commodore Model #1341 Joysticks at $4.00 each (never used). Elbert S. Kerstetter, 207 Fairway Dr., Mechanicsburg, PA 17055 or (717) 766-0451.
xe ek CLOSE-OUT SALEX*¥*
TS2068 SOFTWARE
“DIAMOND MIKE” “GREAT GAMES AND GRAPHICS SHOW”
Each originally sold for $24.95, but get both for just #9.95--while supplies last.
“INTEGER BASIC COMPILE! "260 ASSEMBLER”
Both for $9.95 (while supplies last). Includes 19 pages of documentation
JRC SOFTWARE 200 N. Main St. Scottsburg, IN 47170 (812) 752-6071
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SOC ORO OOO ORGAO GOOG CACAO ORO K META MEDIA PRODUCTIONS 726 WEST 17TH VANCOUVER, BC CANADA 52 1T9
Q_LINK THE ULTIMATE TERMINAL FOR THE QL
* * * * * * Dial, Redial - Integral Editor * Xmodem & Ascii file transfer - 64 or 8@ Columns * ZOOM printing for speed - XON/XOFF handshaking * - Supports Multitasking & Expanded Memory * * * * * * * * * *
*
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* - Directory of any Device tells you File Type & Length
* - Integral Editor for Capture Buffer, or Document Creation
* Edit your session; mark a block, then Print, Save or Ascii Transfer it * Makes it easy to mark an interesting item & transfer it to another BBS * Store up to 4G Telephone Numbers, 20 Signons/Passwords per setup file x Edit phone numbers, BBS names & Signons painlessly to create setup file * Load another setup file for even more numbers & passwords. Complete
x documentation. Extensive use of Menu/Quick modes for Novice & Expert. * Things are made easy with stored File Device, Printer Device & Baudrate * Configures to any modem. Set 8 seperate modem commands, parameters & * Messages; Dial, Immediate Redial, Reset. Supports all QL Baudrates
* 100% Machine Language for Speed! Developed on a JSU ROM.
* { COMES WITH 3 UTILITIES UNSQUEEZE, DELIBRARY & FILTERS ]
* IS THERE SOMETHING ELSE YOU WANT IN A TERMINAL? TELL US! WE LISTEN.
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‘A small collection of trul
WEYMIL presents...
innovative products for
Sinclair computers
Introducing the
Delta Device The Non-Volatile Memory System forthe TS 1000"
The DELTA DEVICE is the newest addition to our family of TS 1000 products. It is a compléte non-volatile memory system (NVMS) designed by Mr. Wilf Rigter. The DELTA DEVICE is a full 32K non-volatile memory board featuring the Rigter Operating System (ROS). We feel the features of this product make it a significant advance in TS 1000 technology. THE HARDWARE
The board measures 3/2” x 3”. It uses only two chips. It is supplied fully assembled. There is @ built-in write Protect switch to avoid accidental erasure of data. The 32K is divided in four 8K blocks which are individually controlled via DIP switch for mapping to various memory map locations. A long-life battery preserves memory con- tents. The circuitry has been designed to greatly reduce the risk of data loss caused by removing the unit from the computer. This makes the system very transportable. The board utilizes a standard feed-through connector. Memory control is extended to both 16K and 32K ram- Packs. Bank switch applications are supported. There is built in hardware compatibility with THRUST and other hi-res programs. The hardware has four times the capacity and more flexibility than other similar memory enhance- ment products.
RIGTER OPERATING SYSTEM
The NVMS concept is completed by the RIGTER OPERATING SYSTEM (ROS). This is a full powered file handling system. Utilizing less than 600 bytes, ROS has ‘these features. DIRECTORY displays all programs stored in memory by name and length in bytes. You have 44 entries per directory. SAVE transfers BASIC programs, variables, and machine code to storage. It works in con- junction with the NAME/RENAME features. LOAD transfers those programs to their normal RUN areas. MERGE allows the joining of two BASIC programs or varible files. EXIT allows you to quit ROS toan auto-run
program or the command line. ERASE deletes programs from system memory and automatically moves other programs to fill the space left behind. This eliminates blank areas of memory between files. File selection is accom- plished using cursor movement. ROS utilizes terminate- and-stay-resident protocols. It is called from the command line by simply pressing REM followed by ENTER.
There are further enhancements to the ROS core. DIRECTORY allows initialization of selected sec- tions of memory while leaving others intact. RENUMBER is a natural companion to the MERGE feature. UNMERGE deletes blocks of BASIC programs. The comprehensive 15 page manual includes instructions for adding more direc- tories and “hot keys.”
APPLICATIONS
The DELTA DEVICE has many possible applications. Auser can have programs such as NOVA, THRUST, MINI- XMOD, KRUNCHER, and a word processor instantly available with plenty of room left over. Other TS 1000 NVM devices can’t equal that capacity. You can easily enhance the ROM by mapping a section of the NVMS into the ROM area. You can now design a customized Prompt, develop hi-res graphics, or install a high speed tape loader all accessible using the regular command keys. Programmers will appreciate the ability to have more than one operating system available on the same machine. ‘Imagine having one machine with FORTH, PASCAL, and the standard operating system instantly available.
We are sure that you will agree that Wilf Rigter’s DELTA DEVICE is an incredible amount of power in a tiny package.
THE DELTA DEVICE NVMS for the TS 1000 $75.00 Shipping and handling $5.00
WEYMIL CORPORATION Box 5904 BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-5904