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The SINCLAIR Computer Technology

Magazine

MARCHIAPRIL ’88

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Time Designs Magazine Company 29722 Hult Road Colton, Oregon 97017 USA (503) 824-2658 CompuServe ID# 71350,3230

TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE Is published bi-monthly and is Copyright 1987 by the Time Designs Magazine Com- pany, Colton, Oregon 97017. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this magazine in whole or in part by any means without written permission is prohibited by law.

SUBSCRIPTIONS: $16.95 a year for six Issues (U.S. funds only), mailed in the U.S. No extra charge for Canada or Mexico (mailed “surface” rate). All other countries please write for information on surface and air mail rates.

CUSTOMER SERVICE: Customer satis{action is our goal. For subscription service problems, or any ques- tions and comments, please write or call.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Please call or write our office If there is any change in your current mailing address to prevent delay or even loss of service. The U.S. Postal Service will not always reliably forward magazines (believe us, not them!). Notify us as soon as you know of any changes.

RENEWAL TIME? To determine your expiration date, simply read the date posted In the upper-right corner of your mailing label (magazine cover). For an example, “Novi89" would indicate that the November/December 1989 issue would be the last issue received. A form is provided elsewhere to renew your subscription. We also send one notice In case you forget. An early renewal is very much appreciated, and let us know we are doing an adequate job.

DEALERS, HARDWARE/SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS: Write for our display ad rate card, and find out how you can reach the largest number of Timex Sinclair users in North America.

FROM THE EDITOR’S CLUTTERED DESK

Tim Voods Just as I had predicted in our last issue my Then fi ly, there are those of you who never editorial entitled “S£WD IN THE CLONES’ opened a can intended to stay with us for very long anyway. The

of worms, but in @ much more favorable light than I had anticipated. And, along with our on-going Reader Survey, the TDM Mail Box was literally bursting at the s et (Only one person, however, wrote to tell me that they had caught on to the, what I thought was, an appropriate title. It's from a Judy Collins song that was made popular in the 70's--*Send In The Clowns". That one person, was my good friend, the ever-talented Paul Bingham, who thought I should have included musical notes along with the titl

As it turns out, I now know (than! that I probably won't be the last Sinclair user around. There are many, many of you who still feel that there {s quite a bit of life left in th silver and black boxes. Others of you, it seems, due te professional commitments (or whatever) dabble with the more expensive chin but still are very interested in what 1s going on here in TDM and the Sinclair community.

NOTICE: Contributors to TIME DESIGNS ate independent of the TIME OESIGNS MAGAZINE CO., and opinions expressed In the contents of this, publication are not necessarily those of t ‘agement staff or its adver- tisers, Time Designs Magazine Co. will not be held liable for any damage or

‘consequences resulting trom instructions, assertions of fact, review of pro- ‘ducts oF companies provided in the magazine's content. It is recommended ‘that anyone attempting to modity thelr computer or constructing an elec- trical project should seek help trom more knowledgeable individuals.

flashier ‘bells and whisties* are sust too much of a temptation. Please do us all a favor, and sell (or give) your Sinclair computer to someone who would use it...and also give them your back ues of TIME DESIGNS (i# you no longer want to read them).

Overatl. I feel that “IBM PC and Clone bashing" would be an unproductive activity for us to follow. (But lord knows how many times we've heard cur favorite machines bashed to death!) There

is probably a great deal of Info we could gain fron our PC, Atari, Apple, and Commodore friends,

I closed the “Send In The Clones* editorial on a positive note...which I would like to expand on a bit. There are those of you who have accused we of being too positive (or ‘sugar-coated*). Of course I an aware of folks who have left our midst, and that some of the user groups have died on the vine. But I am equally aware of groups that are still “on fire* and can pack in 50 to 60 users at tings, and also Some fascinating research and development that is being conducted right now with aur computers.

Why concentrate on “belly aching* and ‘crying* about how bad things are? Why not instead work to- gether on some neat hardware and software projects. Let's recruit new members (and try to find those that have “hand-me-down" computers). Let's also try to turn around such negative bad mouthing we receive by showing others what we can 4do...and start by having a positive attitude ourselve:

I don*t mean to get up on @ high and mighty soap box, but ram tired of hearing negative comments

Continued On Page 4.

SAVE) 181000 INVENTORY BLOWOUT $2.00 Per TAPE

TIMEX Corporation 02-1000 Statistics

02-1001 Money Analyzer | 02-1002 Money Analyzer Il 02-2000 Keyboard Calculator 02-3001 Power Pack

02-4001 Mixed Game Bag I! 02-4002 Challenger |

02-4004 Bat Cage

03-1000 Vu-Calc

03-1001 Inventory Control 03-1002 Manufacturing Control 03-1003 Critical Path Analysis 03-1005 Stock Market Tech

Analysis | 03-2001 Budgeter 03-2002 Loan/Mortgage Amor- tizer

03-2003 Checkbook Manager 03-2004 Coupon Manager 03-2005 Car Pooler 03-0006 Stamp Collector 03-2007 Stock Option Analyzer

Knighted TS2068 New Lower Prices! Multi-Draw 2068 Fighter Pilot (F-15 EAGLE)

Thorougbred Handicapping

10.95 Hamess Handicapping

03-2008 Home Improvement Planner 03-2017 Solar Water Heater Designer 03-2018 College Cost Analyzer 03-3001 States and Capitals 03-3002 Flight Simulator 03-3003 Presidents 03-3005 Punctucation Master 03-3007 Capitalization Master 03-3010 Language Usage 03-3011 Superdoodles 03-3012 Total Triangles 03-3017 Spelling Bee 03-3021 Computer Coach 03-3023 Doobarry Domino 03-4000 Chess & Chess Clock 03-4001 Backgamon & Dice 03-4002 Gambler 03-4003 Cube Game 03-4004 Grimm's Fairy Trails 03-4005 Mixed Game Bag | 03-4006 Supermaze

03-4008 Ram Runner 03-4009 Puzzle

03-4010 Pinball

03-4012 Frogger 03-4016 Kasino Kraps 03-4018 Merchant of Venus

Demolition Ten-Pin Championship Chess One-Arm Bandit) Blackjack

The Nowotnik Puzzle Invasion Force Escape from Shazzar

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MHO002 Starfighter MHO003_ Catacombs MHO04 3D Monster Maze

SOFTSYNC SSTO1 Space Raid/TS De- stroyer 2K S$ST03

lator SST04 Shark's Treasure SSTO5 Space Commando SSTO6 Biorhythms $ST07 Double Feature Ad- venture 2K Games Pack Meteorites Red Alert SST12 Alen Invasion SST15 Alpha/Vowel Tutor SST16 Hangman SST17 Math Raiders SST19 Nightgunner

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Spelling | Spelling I

Math Wizardry |

Timex Teacher |

Crossfire Circuit Board Scramble Dragmaster Guardian Stock Market

Stock Market Calcu-

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Greyhound Handicapping uy 95

Night Gunner TS2068 BASIC Toolkit ZIP BASIC Compiler Trashman

Travels withTrashman Tomahawk

Machine Code Tutor Aquaplane

Bugaboo

Chess Piayer

Critical Mass Cybird Assault Ghost Town Lazerzone

Lost

Mined Out Quetzalcoatl Robber

Saboteur Smugglers Cove Startire

The Island

The Snowman Timegate

9.95 9.95 16.50 12.95 12.95 12.95 14.95 12.95 12.95 9.95 12.95 9.95 12.95 10.95 9.95 9.95 12,95 12.95 12.95 9.95 9.95 9,95 9.95 12.95

Quadra -Chart Home Improvement Planner

Auto Analyzer Personal Portfolio Manager

Personal Home Fi- nance

2050 MODEM SOFTWARE

for the 7$1000/1500/2068 S101 MTERMT = 12,95

for the TS2068 ST02 MTERMI = 14.95

for TS2068 with OS64 C279 ZTERM-64 19.95 C139 T/S Smart Terminal Telecommurications by Barry Carter 8.00

Math Wizardry I Wordcross Word Play | Word Play II Language Usage Androids Penetrator Casino |

‘Simulation Hungary Horace Horace Goes Ski-

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Horace and the Spiders

Blind Alley Crazybugs

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Fall of Rome

Misc. Publishers 2068

Zebra Systems, Inc. 78-06 Jamaica Ave. Woodhaven, NY 11421 (718) 296-2385

re

182068 SOFTWARE BOOKS PRICED $5 each, 2 for $9, 3 for $12 Window Print $19.95 C173 TS2068 Beginner /Intermediate Guide Extended Paint $19.95 Se C192 1S2068 Intermediate/Advanced Guide Sprites 2068 $19.00 la C178 Basics and Beyond ware ZPrint 80 $19.95 summer's C230 Computer Interfacing Techniques in Science Tech Draw Jr. $19.95 with Experiments for Sinclair and Timex/

‘ : aan Sinclair Computers FT 2 C231 Powerful Projects with Your Timex/Sinclair Pict ee $19.95 Timex / C136 Vu-Calc and Vu-File (The Organizer) ZXpert $19.95 Sinclair Bi01 — ZX81 Programming for Real Applications The Worx $19.95 Products C135 — Learning Timex/Sinclair BASIC by David Lein Timachine Compiler $19.95 Catalo C107 INS and OUTS of the TS1000 and 2x81 for eA B102 Control Things with Your Timex Sinclair 1 $29) , Bi03 Inside the TS2000 ea ale sia complete §) C126 — Exploring TS1000/1500 Graphics ics De: r product §; C127 Explorers Guide to the TS1000/1500 ear ra Bove hee arty iptionss C128 BASIC Basics for the T$1000/1500 C281 Sign Designer $12.95 C164 Programming Your TS1000 in BASIC C272 Greeting Card Design $12.95 C130 The Elementary Timex/Sinclair GS03 Complete Setof3 $29.95 : % :

MSCRIPT 2068 WORD Processor, , A& Micro Drive Wafers {7 Memotech TS1000 Liquidation Sal

: MT64 64K Memopak RAM $25.00 Cassette Version $24.95 i ; A&J Version $24.95 Our supply is running out. MT32 32K Memopak RAM $15.00

. So stock up now while MCO1 Memocalc Spreadsheet $15.00 Zebra FDD Version $24.95 f ‘ i A : Aerco Fdd Version $24.95 they are still available! §1MGO1 High Res.Graphics $15.00

Black Wafers _|| Memotech Centronics Interiace Lencesil aed AJ10 10° 14K 400 with Printer Cable and operating s St $29.95 AJ20 20° sold out Memotext Word Processor Module Specninn Deluxe : AnH > ae pr Only $69.00

: Only 8 units available! Spectrum $2995 | AJe2 62 85K 450 dia AERCO TS2088 Clear Waters : Synthesizers Centronics Printer Ay7o § 85K 350 F) 141 Zebra-Talker 1000 $35.00 Interface $6095 LO Oy ASK ey C241. Zebra-Talker 1500 $35.00 Star Micronics Dot-Matrix : C242 Zebra-Talker 2068 $35.00

Printer $2595 | Aya gy See aed E) C145. Speaker/Ampliier $1250

Alphacom 32 Thermal Pinter 3095 Prototyping Products 6-Roll Pack Thermal Paper 15.00 C110 46-pin keyed & labeled TS1000 connector $5.95 § she “ag | C210 64-pin keyed & labeled TS2068 Connector $5.95 ZX81/TS1000 Carrying Case 9.95 ; : lal f f. C112 46 Pin TS1000 expansion connector $1.50

Sinclair 16K RAM Fack (ike TS1016) 9.96. J C212 64-pin T$2068 expansion connector $160 |

Machine Code Test Too! (TS1000) 9.95 P :

TS2068 Trackball Controller 29.95

12 C10 Computer Grade Blank Tapes 12.00

12 C20 Computer Grade Blank Tapes C403_8- channel _Analog-to-Digital Converter

Send $3.00 for shipping & handling. $3.00 extra for UPS F COD's. VISA/MC accepted.

See you at the Trenton NJ Computer Zebra Systems, Inc. 7 : Sexe eee 2-06 Jamaica Ave., Woodhaven, NY 1142

718) 296-2385 Timex / Sinclair Product. cy

Li (even from our own users). Often I have found that ULM AT EaDISK SYSTEM Axa?) GRD] ietfoot'Srovien ssvarartretion® “There ta’ van’ anet g ea kK ie that could be done by others in this area. If someone

is frustrated, a simple question (or questions)

answeres goes a long way. More than often, its simply

SYFORDABLE , FAST, RELIABLE ER TO yee and Showing a user how to install a printer code in a

er is! BYTE Program to get their full size printer going, or ex-

DISK SYSTEM for the Ts2a6sttt plaining how a disk drive is hooked up, etc. Those of

you who are “more knowlegeable*,..we really need your

Cones fully assenbled and tested vith 30 day help, if you are willing to take the time to explain warranty is aay includes: 41 LARKEN disk Something in layman's terms, or solve a problem.

interface, 1 LKDUS cartridge cuith EX-BASIC), Enough said for the time being on the subject.

1 density disk drive thik e disk), disk Before we run out of space, I did want to share with

case, power supply and all cables coming up in TDM.

Our next issue's theme is TIMEX SINCLAIR USERS

* PLUS you get 1 FREE box of 16 disks and FREE GROUPS. We'll try to provide the most update listing

software to get you started. of groups in the U.S, and Canada that we know of, and

also some international groups as well. We will also

ALL THIS IS YOURS FOR $289.99 (US) + $10 S/H select the top ten newsletters produced by the TS

groups (to give all those 5

31 time editor's a boost

WRITE FOR INFO ABOUT 2 AND 4 DRIVE SYSTEMS

are Wie : Ever lose a //) progran because of a bad disk? publication (this has been requ a '...plus /y BS simp ly grased all of our regular programs, articles and features. rar

Don't miss out (surprises as Version. 60 retrieve it?

Then for th will be our

Yes? Well this software nay be of interest to

you then...

and a pat on the back). Along with the user group ler or company Community. And

information, we will also list any that still supports the Timex Sincl wasn't all, the May/June is complete TDM page index for th

Summer issue--July/August...that devoted to STORAGE MEDIUMS. All program conversions, utilits Some of those *rare* Timex and Sinclair tape drives, and an excellent program by Floyd Chrysler who con- verted it from a published Spectrum program (with sion #rom the author) for the T$2068. It really

up things for those folks that still use

This package contains 28 utilities such as: FORMAT DISK, COPY DISK, MOVE FILE, RECOVER

ED ER FILES FROM BAD DISK, VALIDATE DISK, SECTOR EDITOR and many noret

If you're a serious LARKEN disk user, this program is a MUST...

fyailable on 5 1/4" disks (Double or Quad) and will also work on AERCO, RAMEX and OLIGER I/F with LARKEN LKDOS cartridge.

$29.95 (US) + $2 Shipping/Handling

*® $24.95 IF PURCHASED WITH ULTIMATE DISK SYSTEM

IE OV oe GLASS BOS

ation of all FONTS uged in BYTE POWER ER 25

Moving on to the next section, I want to introduce you to Ralph Hammer, of Las Vegas, Nevada, who contributed a program called “CUBE-I7" in the March/April ‘@7 {ssue of TDM. Ralph is talented in many areas including the graphic arts. The upcoming

Complete TS1000/1500/ ZX81 Library for just $10 Exploring TS1500/1000 Graphics The Elementary Timex/Sinclair Fifty 1K/2K Games for the ZX81 and TS1000

‘type fonts, 6 2K) fonts, 49 Explosive games for the ZX81 Phar’ poe etek Este? 2 SeumtetauuRe UtHn Sy Ins & Outs of the TS1000 CEOR ACE EMT EONTS} +» Making the Most of Your ZX81 All 1X1 FONTS are compatible with PIXEL PRINT#? ‘The ZX81 Pocket Book

819.95 (US) + 82 Shipping/Handl ing ST CLASS MAGAZINE

BYTE POWER is a highly Sophisticated Computerized magazine on casse for the TS2068 and SINCLAIR SPECTRUM

No longer will ou have to type in lol Fastidgous Progranse JUST LOAD AND Uke

BYTE POWER is the ULTIMATE magazine, over 100 megrans uere wtb 1 gener Dee to nov. Moat of hese are in HINE CO) And ve bri: you

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1, ISSUE. 85.50 (US) 6 ISSUES.. ISSUES. $49.99 _CATALOG/DE! Fins? CLASS’ PACK’ (6 ISSUES IN ALBUM).

Explorer's Guide to the TS1500/1000 Basics of Timex Sinclair 1500/1000 BASIC BASIC Basics for the TS1500/1000 The book distributor didn’t know where to sell Timex books anymore, sO we were able to buy up a quantity of them for a great price. Now, while they last, you can get this complete collection of ten different tides for an incredible $10, just $1 per book. They contain lots of wonderful program examples with explanations, programming tips, and more. Act immed- iatly...just 100 sets are available! Order item #10BK. In-

clude $3 for UPS shipping, $7 US mail or Canada Money- back guarantee if not completely satisfied! Zebra Systems, Inc., 78-06 Jamaica Ave., Woodhaven, NY 11421 (718) 296-2385

BYTE POHER 1748 MEADOLVIEL AVENUE, PICKERING, ONTARIO, CANADA L1V 3G6

USER GROUP issue is his “brain child", and he has de- Signed a great looking cover for that additon to that, he will also be doing oth assignments from time to time. After twenty yea t Air Ralph is facing retirenent Change of we wish him the best of

An Open Letter To The Readers

Every once in @ while, Tim Woods (our Editor and Friend) will stand on a soap box, and declare his loyalty to the Timex-Sinclair community of computer: And for the larger perce: right behind / Computers are great to work with, and to have fun with.

A good number of people, be they common users, on up to the Dealers and the ones who keep us healthy, have stood the ground for our orphan. W

putter and tinker around with these black and silver machines, making it work a little harder and a little better.

We have even banded together in small groups, meeting month after month, year the simple pl

~the Sinclair computer. But I have started to notice a trend. There is a

Separting mode going on. People are leaving our midst, to "upgrade* to the Big Blue Compatible, and With them goes the little tidbits of invaluable in- formation, and for they @ polished their computing "baby-teeth* on our beloved brand. But let's hang onto their phone number or addres:

For the negative trend is also appearing, there are groups out there that are ugglins suttering from low membership and purpo: Some of us are tucking im our tails, hiding our pride.

Let's aust off that old 2x81, loan it to someone who doesn't compute, I+ it's been awhile since you Ordered that one little piece of software, or bought a new Disk Drive, or a full size printer or monitor your togeth ult your dealers (they'll love ya for it!). Bring a non-TS-user to your next group te

The time has come to start up a “National TSUG

Organization®. To think of its potential is mind- boggling. A whole continent of ideas, help, and service Working togethi for standardization,

software and hardware implementation, and even a logo to show our unity. Think about it, and then take action.

of Las Vegas, Nevada

Guest Editoria: The "Sleeper Has Awaken*

If you are a “DUNE® ¢an (as I am), you may have Fecognized that the title for this editorial wi taken from that book (and movie}! But, that 1 xactly how I 1...now that Io finally broke down and bought a Digk Drive System for ny TS2068. That’

right, all the program development that I have been Soing...Desktop Publisher and all, was 100% TAPE based! Thinking back, I shudder at the thought of al the wasted hours doing tape loads/saves and verifi

How did I even stand it?

Oh, I know you've heard 431 this before...1 know, I was skeptical too! Why would anyone want to Spend 0 much money on a *dead* computer...how much longer im that little grey box going to work anyway...why not spend the money and get a real computer...all very good questions!! All these (and

IN THE MAILBAG

Now to kick things off for this issue, we have a number of guest editori letters, tips, and general mail...s0 we have elected to Jet Ralph Hammer go first. As always, we appreciate your comments and any Correspondence 18 welcome. If you haven't filled out your READER SURVEY yet, there is wtill plenty of time (WHY HAVEN'T YOU!?!), Another copy of the survey is provided elsewhere in this issue. We will report on the survey findings next time, See you then!

wore) I asked myself for the better part of 4 year now, I guess it took me that long to find the answer BECAUSE I WANT TOO! That is what it all boiled down to. This little grey box is a REAL computer, not a toy! The simply fantastic programs available on it is Proof enough for that. My little grey box has been going 20 to 30 hours week, + for 4 ye nd when this one di I'l} dig out my Spare, and when that one goes, I'll have had tine to get a second spare...all for a lot less money than One of their ‘real computers’. And how reliable is Big Blue (or a Clone) anyway?

But what lly Bold me was the new possibilities available with the disk system. The Aerco Disk Drive System has 69K of extra memory built into the intertace, that is expandable. The Larken RAMGisk provides a second form of added capabilities, and can use the Aerco 64K as a RANdisk without adding

nything to the system. In each the MEMORY BARRIER is broken!

My new desktop program (Pixel Print Pro- fessional) uses the Aerco RAM to BANK-SWITCH @ second Pixel Print column, allowing the user to 1 and Switch between left and right columns in the Desktop Program. The °Print-a-Document* program (part of the Same package) uses BANK-SWITCHING ta hold and print both left and right columns simultaneously! This provides perfect column alignnent in the twin (32 Character) columns, and allo: 64 column Desktop Publishing when importing ¢iles ¢rom TASWORD ar other word processors that create ASCII text #iles, in the single 64 column format. The LARKEN version will us the RAMdisk to hold #ile data and provid: transter similar to the Aerco Bank-Switching, Volatile or non-volatile RAM cartridges can provide quick and easy add-on memory for tape and microdrive users too!

As the add-on memory systens Popular, watch for more and no! tten to use these capabiliti ktop programs are only one

become nor programs to bi Certainly th of many new

applications that will take advantage of this new

break-through!

$0, wake up your computer and do what your inner n

been wanting to do for a lang tine end in that disk drive order, you won't regret (For your information, I have compiled a short list of LOAD times for a variety of programs I use regularly. These times are for comparison purpom only... like government MPG figures...but somwhat more accurate!)

S. D. Lenke Lemke Software Development Wichita, Kani

‘Typical RERCO DISK vs. CASSETTE load tines tine Ia seconds }

Pixel Print v3.2 TASHORD IT Uu-File

(xith printer driver

and typical data file?

TIKAGHINE

Pixel Print Dave

Newer Sinclair User

I was very pleased to recieve the JAN/FEB issue of TDM magazine and your questionaire on what track you should be taking. For myself, I am in- terested only in articles concerning T/S equipment trom TOM} that is, i¢ I wanted articles about IBM, I would seek out national publications or their user groups which are quite strong as we all know,

As to why I am interested {n 1/8, I suckered in on the PCB30O (a TS1000 Clone), and through the Dalian Timex User Group, changed very quickly to a model TS2066. I am @ working engineer (i950 vintage: where in my job I have access to and use daily, a nation wide IBM network system operating tive 3090 machines with operating systems of 4204, UNCMS, sos t are networked via a high capacity 4 transter system to our scientific computer center where we use VAX, CDC, and CRAY mainframes. The present CRAY XHP14 1s being replaced in March with an XMP28. These machines will compile a 10,000 line Fortran program in about 1 second. My department oftware is being moved ta the CRAY, and we will use a VAX 8800 the front end of this systen. 80 for many years I did not want any kind of PC in my home, but after buying a Radio Shack TR8-80 Pocket Computer at acamera fair, and being exposed to BASIC on it..,then slong came t PCE300, The T/S User Group recommended the TS2068, and when a T/S user went to Atari, Y wound up with a TS2068, T82040 printer, quite a bit of softwares and since then I have added two disk drives with the LARKEN operating system, John McMichael’s Commodore plotter, and lots of software from the SINCUS News Exchange Progr.

Tim, We all wish you well in the magazine, and realize that the orphan will never be a roaring success, but the only reason I subscribe to TDM is the fact that {t 1s a good source of T/S information and I do not have to sift through many unrelated articles. I actually would preter zine devoted to only the 162066, but know this is not practical (and many of the earlier programs for the TS1000/TS1S00/2K81 can be utilized ¢airly readily i¢ you have an interest.

John D. Austin McKinney, Texas

Puzzle Of The Month Fan

I¢ King Xerxes of the JAN/FEB Month® could afferd to have o 40 wives, obviously could afford a computer. (Probably a Zorba.) We have to ask why he needed the last hint to determine the number of animals brought to hi

From Cedric Bastiaans’ program, we know the: are two possible solut! one With 46 wives and o! with 52 wives. Let's assume the king had 46 wives. I'm gure an old hacker like Xerxes wrote « program Similar to Cedric’s, There would be one ditference. Before ne received the last hint, he wouldn't yet know the number of oxen was less than halt the total {this was the final hint), but he would know that the total of all the animals was equal to 46. To see what the king earlier programs aust have looked like, change one line in Cedric’ program. Instead of the AND © <U/2) in Tine 65, ume AND W=4é. The rest of the program can stay unchang Run the program. You'll get exactly one ans Tf Xerxes had 46 wives, he would have had the answer without asking for the final clue. So we can assume he didn’t have 46 wives, and the solution totalling up to $2 is the only correct one. I hope that Xerxes wasn't complete computer nerd who spent all his tine on his machine. Can you imagine 52 computer widows?

This is a great puzzle because it requires both

“Puzzle of th

computer and human analys I came = acro: this puzzle at the perfect time...reading TDM on the way to work! That day, my bows didn't come in, so Ih.

all day to work on it or yone in his better sign off as...

Since I?m not sui tamily reads this magazine, I'd

Name Withheld Upon Request

Last Of The Simple Computer?

I have to beli that I am not alone to upgrading to a new computer It is not the cost--I have plenty inv my 2X81 systems. I just feel that I could spend the next decade or so exploring all the possibilities of the 2X81 with various hardware and sottware improve- ments available

The 2X81 is, I feel, the persect ‘base* from which to explore the world of the computer and the 280 microprocessor. In a recent letter from Fred Nachbaur (Silicon Mountain Computers), Fred sums it up much better than I ever could. Allow me to quote:

‘I can’t help but wonder, though, if one day ti Simple computer won't reappear. It seems that the whole computer industry is shooting itself in the foot by coming out with fancier computers at lower and lower prices. Already it’s at a point where the best you can hope for with of the new machines is to become a capable 7. Forget about trying to understand it. At least with the ZX61 one stands a chance of learning what makes it 90.*

in my

Van 8. Vangor hiehem Tool Island Falls, Maine

Timex/Sinclair--*The Real Thing®

I called 2 man up just the other day. “I'd like @ power supply,* I had to say. “For a disk drive on my 2068."

He replied, “forty dollars Ywaid, ‘Hey, that’s GREAT!*

But then he went on to ask, “What could it do?"

I sat back and smiled and said, “How about you?" "Oh, I started with pthers,*

He id with dismay,

“But look around now, where are they today?*

Teo small and too slow and not much real use there. So they sit in my closet, under the stair.*

“For just @ few bucks you clone an XT!° sHaving used them before) I stated, ‘Oh, gee." "Move up to a machine you can DO SOMETHING with, And you can SAVE all kinds of bucks: IF You build it yourself, itl] be QUITE a machine. With CP/M and MS-DOS, you can have a custoe drei

*Why thank you," I said, *I'Il keep it in mind,

And give ya’ a call if I can find the time.

But Laughing quite loudly as I hung up the phon I thought, ‘I've got the REAL THING, who NEEDS CLONE! *

Clint Cook Santee, California

ZEUS UTILITY Revisited

In the MAY/JUNE '67 iusue of TDM, we published a short S206 utility by Richard Hurd, that conver: ZEUS source code ¢iles into an ASCII file for either MSCRIPT and TASWORD Two. Evidently, there were some

problems with the original listing. Here is the corrected version, including step-by-step in- structions.

2) LOAD ZEUS Casseabler> CODE 2) Enter this little BASIC listing

5 REM HERE TO ENTER CODES

10 LET T=O

20 FOR F=61431 TO 61624

30 IF T=0 THEN PRINT F;:LET T=6

40 INPUT N

SO POKE F.N:PRINT TAB T;N3

60 LET T=T+4:IF T>=29 THEN PRINTILET T=O 70 NEXT F

8@ STOP

fe)

33332G339838338333333833333830003880333333

108

118 128 138 148 150 168

3) Now enter the list of 194 b; SAVE this along with the na bytes) as "Z_2_M/T" CODE 611

4) Just add this code to the BASIC listing from the TOM article and you have it.

REM HERE TO READ CODES

LET T=O

FOR F=61431 TO 61624 IF T=@ THEN PRINT F;:LET T=T+6 PRINT TAB T:PEEK Fi coe meas eer

LET T=T44; IF T2=29 THEN PRINT:LET 7:

NEXT F

61431 61437 61443 61449 61455 61462 61467 61473 61479 61486

61497) 14 8 229 33 61823 105 40 18 245 61509 254 4 48 6 ies Spaeinai te eigis 42 2) 24 44 let from ZEUS (415 1629" as6c19s 254.8. 1610 61533 264 18 48 2 61639 226 24 152 235 61545 183 167 237 62 61851 281 176 185 112 61857 114 2406 64 61563 119 35 16 262 61569 2401 @ 2 61575 13 40 8 254 61se1 31 12 35 24 61587 229 237 91 114 61593 112 240 237 176 61599 240 1 64 8 61695 114 240 225 34 61611 24 19942 114 61617 48 117 183 237 61623 193 201

22M

33 @ 12817 79 183 35 35 126 25410 410 41 254128 48 47 254 © 4¢ 4 16 19 24 238 62 13 18 35 19 126 264 265 32 7 35 126 264 255 40 70 43 62 237 186 32 215 62 256 187 48 59 24 200 35 78 62 32 18 19

NEWS

SUNSTATE TIMEX SINCLAIR WINTERFEST °88

A lighter attendance than expected and heavy rain didn’t dampen the spirits of those T/S users who gathered in Orlando, Florida on March 5S and 6 for the Sunstate T/S Winterfest. A good time was enjoyed by all those who could make it. The area is one of the nation’s most popular tourist spots, with EPCOT and Walt Disney World just a short drive away.

The dealer tables drew the most interest, with companies such as Zebra Systems, Sharp's, A+ Computer Response, Foote Software, Syncware News, WDJUP Co., and Time Designs; displayed their merchandise.

There were also some interesting Sinclair "“one-of-kind" bargains to be found. For instance, A+ had boxes of items that were retrieved from the old Sinclair warehouse in Boston, when it shut down operations a few years ago. They offered packs of ZX81 ROMs, 2K RAMS, ZX80 kits which were in the original packaging, and the unique Sinclair FM Radio Watches...which were quickly snatched up.

Another interesting display was put on by Mr. Eric Johnson, of Orange City, Florida, who obtained a large stock of surplus Timex Sinclair items from a relative who works for Timex in Connecticut. Among the most notable were a series of TS1S00 circuit boards that had been issued by Timex, from an early Prototype board, to a later compact design from Portugal. There was also a good quantity of TS2068’s for sale.

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f RMG ENTERPRISES |

Want to add PIZzzZAaAz—— want to JAZZIFY your Z20GS programming?

urface (appeared in TDM J/A ’85) Converts estronomio coordinates to altitude/azi ‘or redesign of U. “udg" version 2 allows multiple fonte and such BASIC full-screen window facility + restores screen (in SWN N/D '86) BASIC Classy Front End new fonts utility (as appeared in TDM M/A '87) “cfe/mc” Complete Classy Front End fonts M.C. version (as in TDM J/A-N/D '87)

indows & Portholes complete--can work with “ofe/so™ th peels issue) ‘ 9.95 BINGHAN’S BEST with WINDOWS & PORTHOLES.

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4ae0% ALMOST 3 MEGABYTES OF STORAGK FOR LESS THAN $5!!! That’s right. Five Top-quality TDK cassette tapes allow almost 3000K of 2068 program storage. And I’m selling them at less than $1 each! Not seconds or blems, these are brand-new TDK D€60 cassettes. years of using them I’ve never had one sent back because it was faulty. TDK CASSETTE 5-PAK............- 4.99 each (If ordering with other software these will be shipped

free, otherwise please ad $2 per pak postage and handling)

@ (in TDM N/D '66)

meas Qua IBINGEBRREEIIEL

ae Pi +:12.95 ppd

and-alone also)

In all gy | 2

(continued from page 7)

The Larken 256K RANdisk for the 152068 was unveiled for the first time in public. The smal compact board features one-quarter Meg of

non-volatile RAM, and when used with the Larken LKDOS cartridge, it operates with standard cassette-type LOAD and SAVE commands.

Along with the dealer tables, there were tables with catalogs and brochures from some absentee vendors, and a few user groups, including the Northeast Florida 1/3 U Group (Jacksonville), the TASBAM group (St Petersburg and Tampa), the CATS group (from Washington, DC), and the SMUG group (from Wisconsin, had tables as well.

On Saturday evening, a meeting was held to discuss the idea of a Nationa! Timex Sinclair user Group. Some proposals e presented and commen’ were solicited from the audience. Overall, it was the consensus that such an organization would help unify and strengthen our TS community, and benefits such as a central Public Domain software library would be offered. (Note: read the accompanying article on the national group for further details).

A Natsonal Sinclair Organization

S.N-U.G, (Sinclair Northamerica Users Group) 1s an idea spawned by the organizers of the Sunstate T/S Winterfest, and has evolved ¢rom suggestions and comments from other Timex/Sinclair users.

The intent of SNUG is to provide a forum for

exchange of ideas, It would be am sour. of infor- tion, such am @ listing of active members, active user groups, Sinclair-specific BBS’s, an active

library of Public Domain software, and a listing of available shareware and freeware. Later on, proposed industry standards for hardware and software would be adopted. 80 as to not have to “re-invent the wheel‘,

ready established national group would be used & model to base the group on (such as CORSA--the Corvair Guners Assn.). SNUG would act as an umbrella organization, with regions being developed to tie in with established user groups in those are.

FSS ERERERS SELES SSTECCSOREL SST STS SST STEL TT ESTE TSS

PROMISE LAND ELECTRONICS Dan Elliott, Owner

=

Servicing compuTERIZED electronic equipment

COMPUTERS / MODULES / PRINTERS / MONITORS

Sinclair QL

TS-2068

TS-1500 ‘TS-1000

16K Ram Pack 2X-81 Memotech Module:

Commodore 64 VIC-20 PLUS-4 c-16

Coleco ADAM TI-99/4A Conmodore 128

REPAIRS / UPGRADES / ASSEMBLING / TESTING

Write for prices:

Dan Elliott Route 1, Box 117 Cabool, MO 65689

f) Ph. (314) 739-1712 evenings, Sunday - Thursday. W Ph. (417) 469-4571 weekends.

CS Sesvovesseresrsssestescs vers cersrs<crercssrsssee

It is not the intent of the SNUO organizers to infringe on, or supercede any already established group or company. It is only intended to show 2 strength to the industry that Sinclair is not dead, and the mere fact that an organization can be formed,

Will show unity and interest in Sinclair computers. Even a North American "Calendar of Events" could be established to help co-ordinate future plans and events.

SNUG needs the support of every single Sinclair user in the U,S., Canada, Mexico (or for that matter--anywhere}. If you have any comments,

questions, ideas, etc...contact either Nel Nathanson

7515 Arbordale Drive, Port Richey, FL 34668, (613) 863-5552} or Mary-Lynn Johnson, 190 Hickory Woods Cte, Unit 3-C, Deltona, FL 32725, (305) 660-2465. The organizers of SNUG are putting a time limit of June 30, 1988 on their idea. If there is no response or aupport of the idea, then they will not proceed further. If there is input, an update will appear here in TDM.

SUMMER WESTCOAST TS FAIR FEATURES AN “ALL-STAR* CAST

The "perfect" summer vacation destination for any Sinclair fan is the emphasis for the Third Annual International Great Northwest TS Mini-Fair. What was once a regional affair (held last year in Seattle), has expanded into # two-day event.

The show will be held on Saturday and Sunday, August 6 and 7, at the Cosmopolitan Hotel in Portland, Oregon. It jm nostead by the CCAT/S User Group of Gregon, along with three other northwest Timex Sinclair groups, and is co-sponsored by RNG Enterprises and Time Designs Magazine.

Many of the exhibitor's and guest speakers are already committed. To date, Zebra Systens (from New York), Sharp*s Inc. (from Virginia), Ed Grey Enter- prises (from California), American Nicro Connection (from California), Jack Dohany (from California), RMG Enterpri (from Oregon) and Time Designs (from Oregon), are signed up to participate as dealers Confirmed guest speakers include Jack Dohany ‘author of many software enhancements for the 182068), Mike de Sosa (author of “Taking The Quantum Leap"), Ed Grey (telecommunications expert), Syd Wyncoop (TS2068 software developer and TDM columnist on Z60 Machine Code}, Michael Carver (programmer and TDM columnist) Vince Lyon (author of ‘Archive Master"), and Norm Lehfeldt (QL programmer). Tentative at pri Fred Nachbaur {Silicon Mountain Computers), Lemke (Pixel Print), Bob Orr¢elt (EPROM en! TS2068), Wilf Rigter (Zx6i expert), ntatives from Cambridge Computer (Z8@).

User groups from California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, British Columbia (Canada), and Wisconsin, are Scheduled to participa’

On Saturday night (August 6) at 9:00pm, a Round Table Sinclair Forum will be held. This informal get-together will include a panel of noted Sinclair experts’, which will field questions from the audience. Thim will likely be the high point of the weekend

One feature of the show will cater to the non-computer spouses and family members. For the kids, a professional clown will entertain, and for older folks (and the kids)...inexpensive guided bus tours will depart daily to explore attractions of the northwest (which include the Columbia River Gorge, Portland Zoo, Oregon Museum of Science and Industry and views of Mount St Helens).

Another feature of the show, will be to invite

the general public to come experienc inde on* demonstrations of Sinclair computers. This is to combat the “fear* that some people still harbor

towards personal conputers.

Quality accomodations at the on-site hotel are very reasonably priced. Double occupancy for only $38 (plus tax). The hotel has a coffee shop on the ground tloor, and a restaurant/lounge on the top ¢loor--with veiws of the city lights at night and entertainment. The Cosmopolitan Hotel (1030 N.E. Union? is located Just off of Interstate 5, and is close to bus lines, city transportation, and just a short trip from

irport. Hotel phone number is (S03) 235-8433, ntion the "Timex Sinclair Mini-Fair® to the ri vationist.

Start making your vacation plans to participate in this Timex Sinclair happening. For further information, contact the show producer, Rod Gowen, by writing to- 1419 1/2 7th Street, Oregon City, Oregon 97045; or call- (503) 655-7484. If you send a large self-addressed envelope with two 25 cent (first Class) stamps, Rod will send you a complete packet of information including registrations forms, and brochures of area tourist attractions. A BBS is also online in the evening and morning hours (PST) ¢or information. Phone number: (S03) 656-8072. Modem setting: 8/1/None,

MIDWEST REGIONAL TS CONFERENCE

Another Sinclair gathering is planned for August 26 and 27, in and, Ohio, at the Beck Center for the Art: ter Cleveland Sinclair Users Group is the host, and they are looking for other groups, guest speakers and vendors to participate. The theme of the event will be ‘users - learning from other user

about the regional conference can be Andy Kosiorek, 2192 Glenbury Avi Lak wood, Ohio 94107, CompuServe ID# 75046,3420. Or try

the Timelines BBS: phone (216) 671-6922, setting- B/L/None. EVER HEAR OF THE T/S 30687 {AND OTHER MATTERS) At a recent meeting of the LIST (tong Island

Sinclatr Timex) users group, the former head of the Research and Development department of the Timex Computer Corporation, Billy Sky: s attended and gave a talk. Mr. Skyrme is currently the president of PSION, Inc., the manufacturer of the Organizer pocket computer.

wnile, Mr. Skyrme admitted that he still was under contractural agreement with Ti and that. ain intermation couldn't be she did ntion some itens that turned many members of LIST green.

The 1S2068, related Skyrme, either a *cleaned-up" 48K Spectrur ed design. While a c or FCC approval, the elected for manufacture,

Another computer was T/S 3068. It would have Virtual Memory, 256 "The only machi is the Amiga’, st. retailed for only 95.

Another interesting fact, was that the “BEU* (Bus Expansion Unit) for the TS2068, as seen in the photo published by TIME DESIGNS (mee July/August '86, page 23) + according to Skyrme, completely engi ed and ready for to be production. With an internal floppy disk interface built in, Timex would

was to have been

or a totally in Spectrum was later model w.

in the works, called the featured 1 Megabyte RAM, colors and high-res graphics. that would be in its class today Skyrme. The 1/8 3068 would have

have sold external 3,5° drives (in little silver boxes) for as little as $49.95. This plan wi far enough along that Timex had a supplier lined out for

the driv

Most of the information on proposed products for the TS2068 (and the TS306@) will never be made public due to a myriad of legal reasons, and the engin involved in the project have all gone their separ ways

Mr. Skyrme also demonstrated the Organizer accessor to tl LIST group. This hand

computer (upgradeable to 256K RAM), has sold well markets where recording and calculation of numbers in

the field, and other simple ‘type-in* answers are required The LIST group can be contacted by writing c/o

Harvey Rait, 5 Peri Lan The above Newman.

Valley Stream, NY 11581, information was supplied by member, Joe

TDM COLUNNIST MAKES *BIG TINE

Duncan Teague, a regular contributer to TIME DESIGNS and other Sinclair publications, is now a regular centributor to COMPUTE! Magazine.

Duncan's connection to COMPUTE! began when whole chapter on a book called ‘USING NEWSROOM by Gregg Keizer (and published by the COMPUT!

Library Selection division of the magazine) wi devoted to how a newsletter was published by Duncan and some students, Mr. Teague is the current dir of the Craigmont Planetarium in Memphis, Tenn’

which {im financed and operated by the Memphis City School Districts and is also a professional tranomer. The “in-house” publication is called KYLIGHTS*, and is produced with NEWSROOM, a

MacIntosh comput da laser printer.

NEWSROOM is a desktop publishing program which im available for many difterent types of PC computers (except the Sinclain...but then we have PIXEL PRINT). It was one of the early entrys into this growing market, which ha: ed even more powerful programs.

Through the book, Duncan met the editor of asked to do software reviews of commercial Apple and MacIntosh programs. His writings

rin the most current tasu Rest assured, Duncan has not forsaken his Sinclate equipment, which he still u: at hone (a 782068 and Aerco disk drive system, and other equip- ment}, In fact, moat recently, he has taken aver the publishing and editing of his church's newsletter, and uses Lemke's PIXEL PRINT desktop publisher for the task. (For an article on TS2068 Desktop Pub- lishing by Duncan Teague the Sept/Oct '@7 issue of TDM). Watch for further information and tips from our resident desktop expert.

‘SOME OF THE BEST PROGRAMMING AROUND

If you really want your Timex Sinclair 2068 to work for you like it was originally intended to do, then you need to take a look at some of the very excellent programs written by Eric and Kris Boisvert of BYTE POWER.

To date, they have put together ten “issues of their electronic magazine on cassette, which adds up te over 100 programs for the 2068! (Byte Power Magazine is also Spectrum compatible).

In the most current issue, the cassette contains nine programs, plus documentation in a text "CONFLICT" has some of the best screens we've ur perhaps only rivaled by a few commercial Spectrum programs. There are four other games, plus a lotto number selection program, a music utility, and a boot utility for the Larken LKDOS cartridge.

Tf you have never seen what thim Brilliant soft- mare team has cooked up for the TS2068, then you need to send for a sample issue of Byte Power for only

$5.50. Write to: 1748 Meadowview Ave., Pickering, Ontario, Canada LIV-3G8. Now there is no reason for anyone to complain about the Jack of good T/S

woftware.,.there’s plenty of it available from Byte Power

TWO NAMES CHANGE - SERVICE REMAINS THE SAME

ED GREY ENTERPRISES (formally Grey & Clifford Computer Products) continues to support the Tinex r market. A new BBS called the "Grey Matter is now online (213-971-6260, settings: 6/1/None, supports 300/1200 baud). A FREE catalog of Tinex specific products and non-specific computer items is ailable by writing to: PO Box 2166, Inglewood, CA 90305, or calling (213) 759-7406, and also requests can be accomodated on the BB

Assenbled and tested versions of the popular Z-S1/O RS232 Serial Card, are no longer available. However, a new BARE BOARD PACKACE is now available for the 182068 computer with complete documentation, for only $24.50 + 62,50 S&H. Write to Ed Grey for details.

Another TS dealer, Variety Sales, has changed their name to VARIETY COMPUTERS & ELECTRONICS. You can write for their free catalog at: 325 W. Jersey St., Suite 2-D, Elizabeth, NJ 07202.

FROM THE RUMOR MILL

Fred Nachbaur, of Silicon Mountain Computers, is reportedly developing a Timex Sinclair clone of his own, which will incorporate many improvements and en- hancements. No further details are available at this

10 tine.

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The Best of SUM

Some sample articles include: Building Your Own Spectrum Emulator Repairing Your TS-1000, Word Processing Reviews for the 2068, UDGs on the TS- 1000, Extensive Review of the Zebra Disk System, Adding a Keyboard to the 2068, and Enhancing the A&J Microdrive. 112 pages

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The FOOTE PRINT PRINTER INTERFACE * tor Centronics parallel printers * works in both 2068 and Spectrum mode ® compatible with OS-64 & Spectrum emulators * EPROM socket and on/off switch on board ® works with both Tasman and Aercodriver software © plugs into cartridge dock—door completely closes with cable running back under computer ® frees up rear edge connector allowing other peripherals to be used; less chance of a crash © print driver software for LPRINT, LLIST, and COPY included for 2068 and Spectrum modes FootePrint Interface w/software & cable $39.95 FootePrint with OS-64 option included $60.00 Bare board & instructions only .......... Cable only for use with bare board

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ht SINCLAIR/TIMEX USERS MAGAZINE

A compilation of the best articles, reviews, programs, and hardware projects

The Best of SUM, Part II

Articies include Building an EPROM Program- mer, Sprites on the 2068, Adding RGB to 2068. QL Word Processing, What's Available for TS-1000. and much more. 60 pages

Price: $7.95

FOOTE %, SOFTWARE P.O. Box 14655 — Gainesville, FL 32604 904/462-1086 (6 pm - 9 pm EDT)

All prices are pre-paid and include shipping charges. Florida residents must add 5% state sales tax.

Artwork by William McBrine, of Salisbury, North eddy Bear* by Carl Green, East Liverpool, Carolina, using his own art program called DRAW 512. hin, using ARTWORK (Novelsoft)-

*Roses* by Dennis Zacharias, of Yukon, Ok} ahoma, aj"House and Car* artwork by Arthur B. Marzano, using ARTWORX (Novelsoft) and TECHDRAW (Zebra). > hiladelphia, PA, using TECH DRAW JR (Zebra).

12

fittadtnd athe OMIM

SANNA NNN WEUER-EUER LAND Rea AS a OT

Bnated an

ove ENE NN INGEST NEN NE

PUP ET UEP ie Pee PPLE Ph 1, eeriths TM OO yy TTA Matra eit

“On The Bus* (C) Copyright 1987 by Michael E. Carver, of Portland, Oregon, using THE ARTIST (SofTechnics--for the Spectrum).

t Pattern" by Dennis Clinton of Sunland, using PABLO PIXEL-0 (by Michael Carver- published in The Beat Of TDM Vol.1).

“Timex 2068" by William McBrine, of Salisbury, North [F .# "“Garfield* by Dennis Zacharias, of Yukon, Oklahoma,

using ARTWORX (Novelwoft) and TECHDRAW (Zebra), Carolina, using him own art program called DRAW S12. sortie te tED Cone hgh by Tle eats

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POWERFUL AND INEXPENSIVE BUSINESS SOFTWARE FOR 2X81, T/S1000 and T/S1500 COMPUTERS

ZX-TEXT

afRERP TPL” mabe x88?

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ENTERING A NUMO

A word processor is lo @ computer user wnat a typewriter is 10 8 typist, except thal the former has more advantages than the latter. 2X-Toxt can operate in 16-64K RAM providing from 1300 to 6500 words per document it features 6 different options: write, read, edit, Print, save and clear toxt Text is writen on a Per-line basis with quick speed and with horizontal back-space and delete capabilities being available. You can also access the editor directly from write mode and vice-versa. Text can be proct-iead on a per-line basis aitowing tor enough time to determine it any ‘editing is needed. The text editor allows a line of text to be deleted, inserted, repiaced and listed for editing. You may aiso change a word © expression within a line, stop or start text while it 18 scrolling up the screen, begin Teading text from the tirst line of the file, re- anter write mode from the editor, retuin to the main-menu oF create a window $0 that you can read-edit two files simultaneously. The Paint option takes text displayed in 30-column format on the screen and outputs to etner the 2X/TS printer. (With Memotech’s Centronics Paralie! Intertace 80-columa and tower/ higher - case output is possible) Files may be saved on tape cassoite with the use of ‘one single command, or by the same token they can be erased trom memery / storage so that the full capacity of the program can be used or other purposes such as composing letters, feports, articles, memos, standard forms, instructions, ads. grapns, telephone directory, tists of customers. members, friends..etc. Also copies ot files are always. less expensive and easier to run than using a Photocopier, Other advantages are savings in lime, paper, ink, correcting mistakes and adding afterthoughts. more eflicienty than doing them through either handwriting or using a typewiiter $16.95

1o> awe.

‘An electronic spreadsheet calculator is tne funcamertal basic toolior summarising, reporting ‘and analyzing in matrix form any accounting, ‘mathematical or scientific manipuiation of num- bers. 2X-Calc oparatesin 32-84k RAMandattoras. ‘maximum of 3360 characters /spreadsheet. The entite matrix consistsof 15 columns(lotters A-O) 8na.30 rows (numbers 1-30) with 8 characters/ cell. Unlike other popuar ESCs, ZX-Calcuses in calculations and withincells all 14 mainfunctions ‘on the ZX-81/7S1000. it offers a unique “SUM function that totals one or more rowe/columns simuttaneously. Parenthesis can be used within ‘equations There is no fixed limit on how many equations may be entered. Formulas may be stored in all 420 cells of the spreadsnee!. The display attords 15 rows /colums. Loadingot data into more than one cellcan occur across/down ‘one of more row/column simultaneousyy. With vertical windowing you can arrange a set ot col- umes in any order, or practice using fxed-variable- alignment display formats. The menu otters 6 ‘options: enter /erase, move. calculate. print. save and clear the spreadsheet. Enter /erase allows the entering, deletion or data alignmant within a Cell nrough the use of a modite Cursor. With the move option you may move around the entire sreadshee! to access any row. column oF ceil

‘equations that wil act upon the data already within the spreadsheet You can also enter bar graphs. into a celiinttws option. Absolute /relativere tion. down/acrossacolumn/row, isalsoailowed by this option. Also this option allows the auto- ‘matic calculation of th entire spreadsheet with ‘one single command Printallows youtooutputto either the 2X/TSprinterthe entire spreadsheet by cotumn-sets and row-pages through use of the COPY command. The entire spreacsheetmay be saved on cassetle tape or you may clear all data {rom it oF erase the program trom RAM entirely The most salient advantage provided by an ESC over specifically vertical appiications software is that an ESC provides a reusable framework with which you can compose any specific financiat model rather than just beiimitedtoonly one stat- cally fixed format tor storing. displaying and manipulating numerical data

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ZX-CALENDAR

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WAM 2202 SoLEERG, OT. Ho. OAM EB PAE TOBE on

career

Time management is an important aspect of ‘ny serious business and personal agenda. Planning how to spend our time leaves us better Prepared before and while we are spending i! and we remain better organized after we fintsn spending @. ZX-Calendas operates in 16-64K RAM affording 25 appointments in 16K. 100 in 32K or 180 in 48K and 64K. Each appointment record holds @ maximum of 220 characters, The main menu includes enter. yarch/check/sort, change. save, clear and print any and ail appointments made on @ ‘specitic date oF with any party. Output toeither the 2X/TS printer is permissible. This program will permit you 10 remember to do something or to be somewhere important by cataloging your ‘answers to six questions thal you must account for in order not to waste time when it is scarce: when, with whom, at what time, for how long, where and what are you going to discuss and conclude when you ge! together with someone else? The program lets you permanently

te, record, clagsity, search, sort, calculate, modity. summarize, obtain a written report and store your answers (o the preceding questions so thet you will not forget what you decide to do with your time. This program identities your time according to when you are 90:Ng to Spend it and with whom you are going to share it Through these forms of labeling appointments you are able to verity or modity. how your time is budgeted without wasting ink, paper or more time trying to remember whal you ‘Said 10 yourself or whet someone else said to you or where you placed cortain written messages that you now cant find. Wah this Program you will know where you can find ‘exactly what youneed to know about where you want to and haveto be, or where you have been, betore you get andatter you got there. Thus, ZX- Calendar wil lot you plan your tme so that you will fever have to worry about what is ahead or what Came before, for you will always know, by using to never be Caught astray by any time-frame.

$16.95

A.F.R. SOFTWARE - 1605 Pennsylvania Avenue, No. 204 - Mlami Beach, Florida 33139

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME L-1© 1984

(305) 531-6464

14

FLORIDIANS ADD SALES TAX

Tt im time to begin the next phi of CLASSY FRONT END: Windowing. Now I have cooked up two kinds fo windows for CLASSY, One is the rectangular kind with shadows down two sides, and the other im a 6mall Set of round windows for quick footnotes, status reports, and the like. These round versions of Pomt-it-notes I call PORTHOLES.

Now as usual the total program is much too long to finish up in one issue of TDM, in fact we'll be real lucky to finish it all next time. I also like to leave readers with something they can run and use each issue. So CLASSY Windows has been divided up into some useful, stand-alone routines, some of which wo will explore this time. I# you’ type in listings, try to follow the line numbering as they

re Later, when w together” merging

smaller programs to form a big one will be a breeze. The ‘Windows & Portholes" program we will end up with, will be a complete machine code windowing program which can work by itself or with the CLASSY

FRONT END fonts (parts 2 thru 5) we finished up last time.

Figure {: 2068 Display File Map

is

ONT by Paul Bingham

Lets start our discussion on 2068 windows by discovering that the 2068 treats the standard screen as three windows already! What? That's right, Unci Clive's little wonder addresses the sc: in the display tile as three separate sections. I've mapped these in Figure 1 as 4,B,C (the last two lines of © being the edit lines). Now i# your having trouble Visualizing thin, let's experiment for a moment. Type in a line likes 10 FOR t = 16384 TO 22527: POKE t, 255: NEXT t. Now RUN it and watch the display carefully. The program is directly pokeing the code for eight black pixels (255) into each consecutive address of the display tile. Notice that it fills all of the window A before starting window B and so on In the old 2x01, the display file was much simpler. With the 2068 we will have to work around th 3 Windows to produce our own custom sizes.

Fortunately the 2068 display file does have a Bystem which a little code can work with to produce whatever we might want. Each byte holds the infor-

mation of eight bits, each of which produces a pixel. Tf all of the bits are like our code 255, then all the pixels a in. Each of the screen byt along oo @ alno

Consecutive in memory. Notice on our map that the first byte is address 16304 and as we progress along the 32 COLUMNS across the last in the row is 16415 (or 16364 plus 32). At the beginning of the next ROW fat address 16416) the next byte appears eight pixel elements below the previous row. This is because each reen character is eight pixels high as well as eight pixels wide. Looking at the exploded view of a screen Character with our map you will see this. Each row Of pixels in a character im atored at an address 256 bytes greater than the last. Now to make sense of all of this type in Listing 4 entitled “screen address finder. The code in DATA lines 1600 tO 1630 and disassembled in Figure A tak the two coordinates of a character location like use in a PRINT AT statement and figures out the address of the top by of that position in the display file. This is y important to us because we will d such informa nif we want to draw windows: and also hope to restore any original stuff to t! Screen when we erase the window. Listing 1 randomly Chooses some PRINT coordinates in the BASIC found in

2 REM screen address finder

§ CLEAR sseoo 10 FOR t-S5000 To ssas2 2622 READ o 2 DATA 213,

3

43,283,10 ,264,63,2 BS ,23,955 QS ,167,33

DATA 237,83,176,92,225,209,

NEXT 1

CET xSRNDSS3; LET ysRNOs22 POKE S5003 x: POKE SSO4,y LET KeUSR Ssooa

LET S2S58sFEEK 237294PEEK 2

POKE 2,288: POKE a+7eese,es OR t21 TO 6: POKE 4414256 ,12 NEXT t 1760 PRINT QUER 2;AT ¥,x;CHRS (x 73480 4778 GO To 1710

Listing 1

screen wage CK TYPE report:

a 5

10 27 i6eo se asie See 1820 68 1830 69 2730 3 aie 23 a72o 30 1730 26 i7ao a9 i7s0 81 1750 32 1770 ae

Li

wu

ting 1: Display

lines 1710 through 1770 and then calls the code to get an address. Line 1740 pulls this info out of a little spare RAM address the code uses as a sate place to tuck such things. Line 1750 then “draws* a box around the periphery of this character square. By rewriting lines 1710 through 1770, one could exploit this facility in many ways.

Listing 2 is the real performer this time. It will use the code of DATA lines 1400 through 1450 to draw four portholes as shown. Again the BASIC line 1510 through 1560 could be written to draw the porthole{s) anywhere on the screen, If you study this code's df mbly in Figure B, you will find it uses the ROM’s CIRCLE and DRAW routines found at 9862 (2686 h) and 9965 (26ED nh). By setting register A equal to the parameters ne want and calling the ROM’ integer stacking routine at 12518 (306E6 H) we circumvent the hassels of floating point.

BUSH OE PUSH HL LD CE, Sag

BIT 3,8. JRNZ, D793 Co HL .aree CD DE.o20 LO BA

inc 6

ACO HL DE DUNZ,O6FS:

Listing 2: Displa:

4 REM porthole demo

S CLEAR SS@00, PRINT AT 9,9, poring code”

TQ FOR U=SS200 TO 55165

20 READ Go: FORE 1,0 1408 BATA 1,0,38/297 sig ATA 143/121,197 208,290 ,48 r193 120,187 295/230, 48,68 ,28,20 $7230, 48 208,194,398 ,183, 121,197, BdS, 240, 48,193, 148, 187,295,230 582,90 ,205 250,48 205,194 08 220 ‘DATA 193,121,218, 26, 76, 220, SEER Murtate Hare 1A, BOS, 238,49, 205,237 .98,193, 127 198,7,79, 420/248 /13,71 430 ‘DATA’ B37 ,67,128 92,197,625 BOS, 230,43,82 48,205,230 ,48, 62

0S,238,48, 208,237, 38,183,297 12S, 92,387, 82 48, 208,290,468, 2,288, 430,48

GATA’S2,2 205 290,48 205,23 (483) 421,408,9579,8,8,227 67 182,197 62,46 205,230,438 62, 95,250, 48,82,2,208,238,63 ,26 GATA 199,247,33,22,49,217,.2

2800 WEXT U

4g10 CLS

4820 FOR x=2 TO ¢

4590 PORE SEOQ1 324804 (x-1)

154@ RANDOMIZE USR SSoed PRINT AT 10,3467,5H(x-2) 57

NEXT x

Sonnac m a

fp. Doe.

Listing 2

LO sc,saao

POrthOLe demo CK TYPE report

re 16,282,233,

35, 146,2 72,405 393 1,265,233,

2.8 68,2449, 40,6, 73,24,6,

12,245,288

288 .193,209,8,217, 193,203, 201

TA 335,209,254 24,249,295 $46,204,235 ,258,203,233,24,2

(St 273 bytes CK TYPE report

1200 s09 a7sa 4B10 242 21282 i220 383 48167 1230 338 13180 i2io 387 25633 2250 228 anes 2B50 973 agsas iB?o 209 5332 2230 343 3337

Next time we will exenine rectangular windows and restoring things back to the sc! In the mean

time, 1# you ¢ee1 like getting a head start on code entry, type in listing 3, We'll be adding to it next time, so you'll need it eventually. If typing is too big a chore, I will send you a complete version of Windows & Portholes as advertised elsewhere in this magazine. (Windows & Portholes comes with BINGHAM’s BEST for $12.95, or in a collection I call JAZZOFIRE (thats "jazzifier” in a drawl) for $9.95. For BINGHAM’ Best owners I will send you Windows & Portholes on cassette for $3. P1

have any questions or comments to: Paul Box 2034, Mm AZ 05214.

Bingham,

COMMENTS GON CK TYPE by Paul Bingham

Stan Lemke wrote a great Iittie 2063 program which appeared in the May/June 67 issue of TDM called CK TYPE. CK TYPE gives you a quick check of the listings you have typed in from TDM to if you have made any errors, But so far, I've only seen Stan using it! Well, I intend to repent of this

siothfulness on my part by including Ck TYPE reports with @ach listing. This will help ail the readers who type in ay programs nip their entry problems in the bua.

I've also taken the liberty to condense Stan's BASIC version into a *one-liner*. With a tricks his whole program fit into one line (9999) and this can be easily MERGEd to a listing and RUN to give an

evaluation. This ‘one line* version appears in Listing 1.4, and a report on itself is found in Figure 1.1. To do this self check, you will have to enter and run it as line 999 not 9999, It has an added facility to kip its own line 9999 in its evaluation, It also starts wanting you to enter the

name of the program you are Properly titie the output, refining his little gem! Jet's start using it!

analyzing so it can I hope Stan won't mind ne And come on programmers,

Short version CK 313

TYPE report 28450

939 Figure i.1

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dealers and vendors (about » @ gripe, @ compliment, etc.1:

ABOUT TIME DESIGNSE

Least favorite section:

One particular article/program you really liked in # recent issue:_(¢ ex

Ae tf could make one comment “directly to the

i

you

editor, what would it be: nor! a ——_ = St hong aM time

articie/, would Jike to see in an upcoming

S/ t ¥ ay Siiggenl eh. 68s topic for = *theme issue:

Do you know of any TS users who don’t receive Ton? Mf Would you be willing to supply their names and

addresses? Do you have a suggestion on how we could gain more subscriberu?

| | a a | | f a a a 5 @ what one comment would you like to wake about TS | | | | | i | | | i

2999 INPUT £$: LPRINT 28; CK TY PE report:"’’: LET ds2S8: LET g= 23836: LET _b=adsPEEX 9+PEEK (4-1) : FOR h=i TO 992: LET e=0: LET Ff sd#PEEK bePEER (bei): IF fiosasa

(b43) 4PEEK Cb s2): LET bebtd: LET jsi: FOR isi TO a: LET €2€4(j+1) #PEEK b: LET gaNOT J; LET bsbsi: NEXT FoR €s2 ToS: PRINT Bc; FS TAB 85": 74; TAB 16; “,@: NEXT ¢: NEXT bh

Listing 1.1

THEN LET a =d#PEEK

17

TacUbA

DROP DOWN MENUS

One of the advantages

computers like the ATARI ST and ANIGA im the *Us

TS2068 class of that their bigger memory and them...specifically, @ cursor around

compute:

cursor touches the menu line

disappears when you make your selection

your screen to be fre

need it. Even then, by planning

lections

more fully tl

case.

Well, with all these advantages

menus, I decided to

creating a TS2068 drop-down menu iw just that,

following program

allows those

The utility displays 2 lin the first has

LEFT sprite around on the screen. placed on any of options drops down onto the scre

joystick, the user

header. As the cursor i turne INVERSE VIDEO. cursor

moves off that option.

of the

when the DESK option is about

be placed on th designing these headers,

be a "null string*

Listing A

BORO REM Feresereseesesecnaeaass

‘S 2068 Dcop-down Henu by $ D Lemie Lemke Software Deve lopment 2ida bite Oar Wichita, ns. 87207

SERIDERD DERE DDO TESS eats ett ee

890 REM HT 0) BU Ao! ‘ PeueSeT MENUATTEN AGE .COL LAGU

1456 0SOr LPF Bits -BoT ASD

Sie’ REN’) List

8820 REN | LPRINT

8900 REN | GPEK &

S999 REM teenesssscsssessaenesce

LINES 9080 - 9090 INITIGLIZATION prrrerirettorettretirocerrcelsrc 9080 OTM a(18). O©H Bie): oF

f4): DIN d(3); DIM e135) DIM Ss 2080): PAPER 7. INK 0: BORCER 1

bos Ren Se QOOS DATA “LIST 1", "LIST 2°, "LIS

newer,

high speed affords such things as a mouse to sweep the screen, and a really nice menu structure that ‘drops down" onto the scr

nn when your and then magically This of most of the menu until you menu correctly, you can show just the items the for a specific operation and be able to di With the usual most), or a Single letter as is more

what I could do utils general drop-down

fly) the type of menus found on the more expensive Computers, It is also a neat little demo program that who have not seen these menus in oper- ation to get a feel of what they are like. at the top of the list of menu ond displays the program title/nai moves a

11 arrow UDG When the arrow cursor is a set of menu below that moved over the options, each ind then TRUE VIDEO when Pressing button activates the selection. Moving the cursor off menu options (and pressing FIRE) removes the menu list, and replaces the original screen. nd options are defined in DATA 00S thru 9025. ected, a Copyright message line 9440). This up to 3 lines

the menu header:

In the 4

the program is displayed (s age can be user-defined

jote: You must as the program places two Spaces between the header strings. One of

Stan Lemke

Rece rss y_irsr 2

bigge

ersgran Hare

over th Interface

ee? FOR a>

allows

Jayout user wants cribe the short word often the

S| TSBaeey PULL Dow MEWS”

Stan Lemie Gftware Deva! oamany

Time Design Magazine TS-20bB USERE/LO

screen created with the Pixel Print Desktop Publ isher

ERS

rea FOR 292

Tine Qesign Magazine

TS-20b8 USERS/LOVERS

screen created with the

“drop-down? far

Thi

(very

available for ull Cempty) selections Let? program is

ne) topic Using the

in BASIC too.

menu Listing

the met up the fire

output May/June °87

al 1

eo ca hope

these may

(empty, two apostrophies placed Side-by-side, indicating no more headers).

gee9 REN

9014 REN 9018 DATA

*A-04", edac DATA

segs pare, 9625 Ren

9030 Let Hse"Desk”. 6 FOR is2 TO 4: LET Cit)=0: READ

$: IF LEN AS THEN LET YSLEN 2842: LET HesHs+" 9032 IF C(t 531 THEN LET cits =. 9035 TF LEN H8>92 THEN LET Hs=i (1 TO 32)

9095 NEXT I: READ Ts

9040 LET b(ised: LET Oss"" FOR 82 TO 18; READ a¢. LET a (2) =LEN aS: LET bist) =b(is tat Let S2084a8: NEXT i 9045 FOR i=t TO 5: IF atilogt1) THEN LET d (1) 2a (i)

9OSO IF 9146) gta) THEN LET 912 ) sali +6)

9055S IF alieieird(3) THEN LET o¢

3) aa (i s42) 9@60 NEXT i: LET €(1) =c td) 4a 62) aby (Sie) se tay 4d (2) LET € 13) sc

18

2 you

you maybe someday w real drop down menus

9020,

h

strings as above,

take a look at the program up ready to

(from Novelsoft). The program will work just as it is

Program execution begins at line 9000.

Lines 9000 to 9090 are program initialization.

A is a copy of the BASIC program in demo form. The TIMACHINE compiler directives are can compile the program will work in BASIC, it is

Following the progran

arrow cursor UDG. Lins

wn

Nenu selection are defined using DATA statements in lines 9015,

and 9025. Six selections are header, with the option of ag to indicate no more

listing, The compiled with TIMACHINE

already Although the L-O-W! listing is the

CK-TYPE

for debugging the program (Listing B..see the issue of TIMACHINE output. Sample menu that shows how to set up Other Program bytes for the perform the curscr movement.

PAUSE 4 to control cursor speed. enjoy playing with this demo, and

TDM). Listing D

Listing C is the is an excerpt from a 2 der ni 9066 contains the 9290 to 9360 contains a

Notes: Line

Line 9355

jee some 782068 programs using

Go TO 9180 BOOS REM sssesssseenaazanaeeces

MENU PRINT/DRAU SUBROUTINES Iterriitrerererrerecrcr ice rroys

9099 PEM hearer deere air pe

9100 PRINT AT O.O,NS. SLOT O, 163 RAL 255,09: PLOT 0,285: ORAS

$5,0 PLOT’O, 163 RAY 255.0 PL

OT, 183° _pRAW 255,0: PRINT AT i

.{S2-LEN Tee. Tg. RETURN

$103 FEM

9230 PRINT HY 2,8, QUES i, INVER

SELai Aoout this program. RE

TORI

Sun ge BRATION ea met PRI 34i °

G ,

ON

Pixel Print Desktop Publisher

1 CONTROL LODP_sssess NGO Rese PS setzEt an rren

it T. TURNED IN “ITEM” : eRe 138 Sere ey ICANCEL? = ° PER CRENG SELECTED

reeset i rereerrrerrrrrrrrr ss © ri64

9149 REM: OPEN &

9150 GO sun give PLOT 9,159. DR BNO, -259° ORAU ASSO: DRA O.15 $152 GO SUB 9180 FOR 1=0 TO 7 POKE (USR “C" 41) PEER (9dd4i 42868 35 NEXT GL

9255 PRINT AT ROU, COL; "m"

9180 GO°To 9200

3170 FEN

3100 LET addsinogase0aasint (@0U 2834924 (ROW-BAINT (ROU/3)) +COL RETURN

3190 REN

3200 Ler cK CL, Sus sod0 REN SORE

iO Ir MENU THEN GO TO 9400 9220 GO To 320

$299 REN 9235 REN 9840 FOR A#I) PEEK URN

9245 FEM BSR cae

9259 FOR TO 2073: FORE (i +18 B38) PEEK (6203147) NEXT 1: RET

3389 25" SE B300,60 sub ots RINT AT ROW, C ria

S8icbre 35 sen NTE Let COL =COL4+(COL< 230)

9380 IF Sisd AND s<=6 THEN LET © OL=COL- (COL> =a)

9925 IF S21 OR s=S OR £29 THEN L ET POW=ROU- (ROW =)

$390 IF S=2 OR 5=6 OR 5210 THEN LET ROW=ROU+ (ROW 5)

$340 GO_SUB 9180 FOR 1=@ TO 7 PORE (USR “CN41) PEEK (adaei ses

y, NEXT i: REM

9350 PRINT AT ROwCOL; a. IF RO WeO THEN LET MENUS:

& = muh 4: REN

S400 TE TOL» sc (A) AND CO THEN PRINT AT Aa

UB 9240: PRINT are é Peach roe (Bh ee thy

Prec (i): LET RITz¢ (4)- AgQheT SET=0 Star’ rtEnea? eo ‘Fo 9410 TF CoL>s¢(2) AND CO! $0 19)-2 THEN PRINT AT ROU.COL, i” yo saeo- Rant Ar Oe ia) oe INGERS Ea; OVER dips(i to'c(3)~¢12)-2} ~ GO SUB 9130: LeT TOP=2: LET BO Tais LET ceTecia): LET RITE 12)~ A, CET SET=O. LET ITEM=?: GO To

8420 Th COL>=c(3) AND COL C14) -2 BEN BRENT AT BOW .COL StS “SoS UB 9240: PRINT AT 6.013), INVERS E 4, OVER iypsii TOC) Acta) -e) = 60 SUB 9140: LET TOP=2: LET BO Teio LET CFTec(Si: LET RiTse(3)- Aggheh SeTa0: LET rren=i3: “so To

$428 If COL>3 THEN LET MENUsO 6 8 TO 520%

9428 PRINT AT ROU, COL; “B": su 89240; PRINT AT 6,9." my ueRse ic VER 90’ Son gis) PLO T°35s184. ona 2880. DAU O, WS aus =185.0° ORAY @,25 $440 PRINT AT_4,5 “) PRINT AT $,5,°O Lem

ke Software (1987)"" PRINT AT 6,

| REM eee Gyros @: G0 SU

BePPk8, GET HENUsO. LET Rousio

LET COL 216: TO 9151

9499 REN

9500 LET Sx NVERSE, BO sua

9300: INVERSE 3

9801 LET S= STICK (1,43. LeT ByT

sgBRICK (2,4). IF BUT THEN Go To

9802 IF NOT S THEN GO TO 9s01

9805 Ler LRoW=ROU: Go sus S320

IF LROWSROU THEN Go TO 9502

9507 IF SET THEN PRINT AT LROW, QUER 4; INUERSE ibs (1 TRAE

Fibers

9810 LET SETsO: IF (ROW =TOP AND

ROUCSBOT) AND (COL>=LFT AND COL,

ésRIT) THEN LET SET=i

9815 IF NOT SET THEN GO TO 9801

=O TO 21 KE (1416984) NEXT 1: RET

8520 ORINT AT ROW LET, OVER 1; I

NUERSE 20 bsi1 to Arr-iersi)

9530 Go 70 sse0 .

9600 LET SETsO: IF (Roy =TOP AND

ROW =BOT) AND (COL>sLAT AND COL

¢sRIT) THEN LET SET=i

9605 LET Trets ITEN+ROU-TOP) 45ET LET MENUSO) LET SeT23° GO SUS

gaso. Dev Roue5" Ler Cb eis

9630 PRINT a8; 48r G.g. “Ite seLec

THON SB “co TA S18

9995 STOP 9999 Ene “oROP MENU". SAVE “DRO PMENU"CODE 57316,4557

Listing B

286 Et)

2 Et rs 3 i 3 ry Es 253 Lbage 187 3873 ee 2535 se 2699 18 2355 33 2873 ag 3362 $3 3373 43 3888 2s BSa8 11s 1e0s0 30 Baad 33 Sise ? 1132 83 3828 53 2i03 59 3218 52 Frees yes Ege is i390 res 3463 35 3852 Bi $235 ifs 9 ieess 26 2420 gieo . 23: © Tg0a2 gies Bs 3208 eile be e523 gira. BF 3283 e120 218 leaie gies 8. pea 8123 (87 3259. $338 831038477 2135 gai $133. 27 3260 gieo 23200 «T3431 e455 e $21 B13 314 BESae gisg 3 $36 S150 Sa Bese g181 83 $755 8iss es party eis0 «12 1315 9170. 28 2503 9180 | 8? 5763 B10 | 22 2999, 200 = 83 S718 e219: 15 Ba78 9220 «12 2315 9230 5 2g Sale 9235 © 29 Es33 g280- 81 537s 9265 5 Ba Bis? 925081 S526 8230 20 206 e520 | 39 S345 9310 46 4533 B20. ss S503 9325 > 33 $798 93300 $s £218 8319 31 75s $330 41 3247 9355. 41 2870 9380. 521 9399 Be 3218 e400: 257: iasae g410 | 257 | 1arso 9420: 288 «190138 9425: 38) S349 $430 2 77 ~ Tivss 2440 2 166 018198 9450: 9s 6asi 9499 = 23 2836 2500 = 41 2363 9501 . 63 $318 e502: 18 1307 9505 = 44 Sada B507 : 62 8578 9510 63 2375 9515 : 18 Beos 9520: 56 4385 9530: iB 333 9500 = 8S 2375 9608 = 92 7383, 9010: 458 | i33es 9997 2 4 $33 2998 2 265 3989 |: fs 3357

Listing C

PREC RER RSS, PEGS OENBON

14339

a8

INTEG

RTAB0 ose ATiBs 653 RTaB2 684 ATAzS S72 arise 79 ar ize ory INnTes 73 INTES 25 INTES cad INTES 72 Intes 31 33 INTEG 35 INTES 7 INTes 32 Er 193, 35 a7 32 4

Driven Fe

8 6 8 cs 6 8 8 8: 6 6 5 6 6 é 3 3. 3 INTES 6: 8 6 8 3 8 S 8 6: & é 8. 6 é 5 iS € S 6

SURO EEE EEE EeReErErneee Serre Ret heiress testi tam t

Es 3 rf 3 5 ‘3 3 3 i

StRiessy

TIME MACHINE O1986 Cameron mayne

Ho. 4857 BYTES + 3495 BYTES FOR mic VaRIASLES (BASIC UAs 8725 evTEs}

SAVE "msc"CODE S795. 4587 LOAD "M/c"CODE $7326 Listing D

3004) 5En Sarre 9005 CATR “Insutvouteut , Stir

9820 DATA" Piper" Ine «Borer *)" Brignt : seas bata tnt)?

va

Something 1 ha lly missed, not being able to do with my TS2068 1s using it with a plotter. This waa most unfortunate as I had used one on an earlier System I owned...a VIC20 (by Commodore). I had used a 1520 Color Plotter Printer. I was at the point of working out the problem of interfacing the rather unusual serial port on the Commodore 1520, when I Picked up a magazine and found an ad for an in- terface and software to run the plotter on the Timex Sinclair 1S2068. I sent for some information and very shortly had the kit in my hands to begin the task. HOTE: Get the kit if you know what you are doing and are not rusty at the soldering iron...otherwise order the completed intertfa

The Commadore 1520 uses paper slightly wider than that used by the TS2040 printer, but not the standard @* (it is under S*). However, it is regular Paper and is available ¢rom Commodore, Radio Shack and many Atari dealers. They also carry the four colored pens used in the plotter. All of these brands made a simitar plotter, and each set up to inter¢ace with their particular computer, The colors are black, blue, red and green, In all the years I have had this Plotter, I have had but one problem with it...a small Plastic gear coming loose and not being able to turn the other gears to move the paper back and forth. A small amount of super glue gel seems to have cured this. 14 you ever have to do this be careful not to get any in the grooves of the gear itselt.

The graphics you can do with this intersace and the available software for it is by no means limite John McMichael, the designer of the int and t Programmer does not skimp on features. The Driver Program that comes with the interface contains a very extensive demo of just what can be expected of this Comba. You can also exemine the demo program, but not copy it to the 2040 printer or LLIST it. You can also clear out the BASIC (except Line 10 which you will need to load the machine code) and u: for your own programs. This is a better deal got from Commodore when I purchased originally, it had no ready to run program no driver...only a manual

this driver than 1 the plotter

with it, with a few short sample

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THE TS2068 AND THE COMMODORE 1520 PLOTTER reviewed by Frank Davis

programs of which all but tho of errors in the programs,

Other Software available for this intertace include the Following: A) SCREEN-TO-PLOTTER, which @liows you to wu the plotter like a connect the dots, by use of the cursor or a joystick, use save wcroeens or load in previously saved scre

them contained

edit them, all in ¢our colors. When using text have many choices, such as solid lines or 4 lines, size of print, character rotation, center in:

To change colors in pictures or text is an simp! hitting the let *c* or changing pages by use of the letter “P*. This is a user friendly program.

B. CMS 1520, is a program which allows you to combine Customized MSCRIPT VS or V5.2 and the 1520. This allows the use of the 1520 as an 80 column Printer in color and the use of all of the 1520 functions ina text file.

€. PIC-PLOT which allows you to do a dump of a Screen to the 1520 in two sizes. You can select one color for the small plot and two colors for the larger plot. It also allows you to put colored Captions or sub-titles below the pictures.

D. BANNERIFIC, a program that allows you to use the 1520 to make colored banners. You may plot up to two hundred characters using the special UDGs that come with the program, or use those of the ROM set. It has 58 selectable character sizes and each character can be whatever color you gn it. Th banner may hh the characters designed either vertical or horizontal, and the characters may be inversed or done as an over character. You can select proportional spacing or not. The only thing missing here was the option to {11 in the character or nat to #111. It should be easy to use your own UDG's with this program.

The 1520 is an ORPHAN in its own right. It is no nger available from Commodore in the U.S. I have sone ads for it in some British Mags. with the VIC20, still being offered for sale means that you first need to get one before you invest in this nifty interface and software. They are available at many TOY-R-US stores across the nation for 930 to #40 inot bad whin IT think of the $199 many people paid). You might just check a local Commodore Users group to see if someone wants to let go of oni

Also check your local Commodore Dealer to if he still can get you one, I aw used ones for e at each of the computer and nam shows I went to this

last year. They were also being offered for $49.95 + $3 S&H by ALL ELECTRONICS CORP., PO Box 20406, Los Angeles, CA 90004, 1-800-826-5432.

To get more information about this interface and the software, write to: John McMichael, 1710 Palmer Drive, Laramie, WY 82070.

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The *Z-COLUNN® is a new and regular (hopefully) feature of 7IME DESIGNS. We will cover news and helpful tidbits of information for the Z88 Laptop Computer...the newest addition to the Sinclair family tree. On occatson, we may also accompany this column with an article or product review.

What better way to kick off a new column than to make a major announcement! Yes, that’s right...just as Cambridge Computer (Sir Clive’s new company) promised...the Z@8 has passed the FCC test, and is Row available here in the U.S.!

While some details were sketchy at press time, we do know that Cambridge Computer has signed a deal with a U.S. distributor, and that the new computers are being assembled by SCI in Huntsville, Alabama, with foreign parts. SCI ie a U.S. based corporation that has worldwide concerns, and is in f#act manu- facturing the European 288 for Cambridge, in a Scotland factary.

The U.S. 288 is reported to have an updated ROM. It also has a steeper retail price than what most of us anticipated...$549.90. No getting around this, the weak dollar has driven prices up. (In fact all personal computers are going up in price for the first time in years. And Japaneese RAM chips are once again expensive.) Some folks will certainly shy away from the price, but this tm the most powerful (for its size and weight) laptop computer currently on the market.

1/2 Meg RAM cartridges are now available for right around $400, With three of them install it gives the user 1 1/2 Meg to play with ‘on the go". The 1 Meg. cartridges, are still supposed to be

sed in a couple of months.

Lots of third-party support taking off now in Here are a fen of the most recent develop-

Z-TERA is a new telecommunications package (a U.S. version im avallable) that gupports XMODEM, it autedials, and can drive virtually any modem, in- cluding the new miniature 268 modem from Miracle Systems.

Cusmanah will have their disk drive interface (with RGB monitor output) available soon for $199. It works similar to the Radio Shack floppy drive system for the Model 100.

focus Magazines (the publishers of af WORLD Magazine, will launch their new 288-specitic magazine this month.

The 288 Users’ Club of Great Britain has formed, and already has four club newsletters published, called the 288 EPROM. For turther information, write to: Roy Woodwared, 68 Wellington Street, Long Eaton, Nottingham, England NG10-4NG. (Thanks to Larry Chavarie of Canada for supplying this information.)

While I attended the SUNSTATE TS WINTERFEST in Orlando, Florida, I had the privilege of meeting Stan Veit, who is the Publisher/Owner/Editor-in-Chief of COMPUTER SHOPPER. While Mr. Veit had attended the Fall Comdex in Las Vegas, a representative from Cambridge gave him a 288 for review (see the March "88 insue of Computer Shopper). Stan uses the Z88 as his ‘electronic notebook” wherever he goes. Now here iB someone who has access to virtually any PC or laptop...and actually prefers the 268 for some applications over the others. He mentioned that the

flent keyboard* is a big plus in conferenc Well, no doubt, many of you are skeptical about this new computer, and the price alone will drive a big share of the “hardcore* Sinclair types away. But nevertheless, this {is an excellent taptop computer,

ang the finest computer for Sir Clive to date. It's not another Sinclair "Boondoggle® (as one newsletter editor called it..,yet admitted he had never used one before), while the Florida Winter#est, the sane comment was hi and time again at the SHARP'S booth: "This is what the OL sould have been!* (I'm not knocking the @L though, as it does have merits of its own.) Sir Clive himself {s very serious about this Computer, and wants to insure its success. Bryan Davies, @ columnist for @L WORLD, recently told me an the phone, that the last MICROFAIR (a trade show cpen to the public) he attended, found Sir Clive up on the stands demonstrating the little “Z* to attendees, That's about it for this issue. Hope to be back next issue with more etus#. Until then, you can send @ S.A,S.E. to me in Care of TIME DESIGNS, and I'11 send you some info on a user group starting up here in North America. (If you have already sent your envelope... will f#fanlly have responded to your request by the time you read this--promise!), Tim Woods

THE Z88 UNDER 2 LBS.

A Computer Without Compromise

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+ Where laptops compromise on display and RAM capacity fo achieve portansity, ad desktops ream fo equate price with power, the Z88 ls» personal computer which makes no compromises * A CMOS-lechnology computer with tre power fo address 4 Moyles o! memory * A computer with » work-trwe display of 8 fines of 80 charactors, an LCD screen Which outdetos all others, and # unique dynamic page map on screen * A computer wit ‘$085-state permanent storage * Acomputer with advanced word-processing. spresdshest and ingenious tima- and dats-menagomen! software builtin © & computer which ‘completery sel-contained, which gives you up fe 20 hours acte computing Krom jus! ¢ AK Datiries, yot which tata and listers to your 19M * A computer witha ful-size Keyboard, ino package lets thar the size of an 82x11, with a total weight of fess than 2 lbs. © The Z88. A ‘computer without compcomise

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Beginning Z80 Machine Code—

FINAL LESSON

by Syd Wyncoop

This im it folks. I leave it to you to progress from here. There are many other instructions I could have discussed, such CP (Confuse Programmer), but they will be discovered soon enough, without my

assistance,

AS @ wrap-up to this series, I present a special treat...a full fledged MC program. Additionally, it im written to support the many CP/M systems which are running on our humble ‘“doorstops*. Those of you without CP/M will need to replace all the calls to CP/M's BDOS with your awn routines. I have provided the necessary PRINTing and INPUTing routines in previous lessons.

As usual, the program is presented as a source file, to allow for easy modification by you. The "DATA STORAGE* area is where your customization taki

place. The menus and messages can be changed to suit your t. but it is generally best to mble the Program prior to making change:

Next, and most. important, are the printer

command table: printer commands.

These must be changed to reflect your All entries are four bytes long and

the fourth byte must contain OFFh. Your printer manual will provide the necessary entries for thi tables.

As the program is self-explanatory and let's get to it!

Printer Set-Up Procram

Uritten for CP/M and the Epson FX-206 by Syd Wyncoop, S & K Enterprises

fairly long,

Operation: The settings by wending the printer ittalization code #irst, followed by your selected options. A bell will sound to let you know the settings have been properly received by the printer. The printer must be turned on, or your system may hang-up. If it hangs, you need only turn on the printer to get things working properly.

printer is cl

eed of all prior its start-up in-

In the interest of brevity, there is no docu- mentation, save this source. The comments and labels should prove to be self-explanatory. All custom-

{zation im done in the tables and/or program defines, prior to assembly.

There is minimum of error checking. If the Program will be used by an inexperienced user or ployee, you may wish to trap a few additional

errors to avoid @ crash.

Follow the prompts. You may press ENTER at most of them to either accept a default value or skip

Selection...the choice will be obviou

This program is donated to the CP/M Public Domain. Please feel free to modify and use it for your own purposes, I hope you find it of ume. In any event, Have Fun!

brageasataeines

Rev &

seit fornfeed, your terminal Series of linefecds instead acli carriage return

soil escape code

jentzy to CP/H functions jre-entry to CRM COP

of a tf

id bi, init_to) all fil_prtbt call prt_style call got_nun

int buffer with it

skp_etyle

may need

23

ekp_type

iett_margin

Fant_marain

got_raht

valid_em

dflt_rmara raarg_ok

pago_ length

akp_pert

rum_lines

nlinos_ok

ring_bell

send_2_prtr send_lp

prt_hoading

add hl, de for table entry

entry to print buffer

dr z,style call prt_done? dp z,ring bell

eal) prt_type eall got_nus

i add the offset for table entry

call fil-prt_bf iand move table entry to print buffer in? jprint select again message another selection

‘oxit mesnage

call prt_heading ;clear screen and print neading ging jpoint to left margin prompt

gall dec_inpt, ot a decimal nunber 1d (lafe-aarg),a :load new value into table entry Ad bi, lmarg_tbi Left margin table entry

call f1l_prt_bf jand move it to the print buffer 14 do. x_mare, Ad ¢,9

1'bdow call dec_inpt dfit_rearg (left_marn)

Ing ipoint to right margin proapt print strings function Fiat right margin prompt

nimum margin error check a right value > left value? eccept valid entry

rint error message another input

° ¢,valid_re

(ight_narg). = Ad bi, raarg_tbl

st right margin table entry call fil_prt_bf

J move it to the print buffer

print p Kot a ds accopt default value of 66 lines store value in table

get page length table entry

and move it into the print buffer

1d do, akip_perf? ;point to skip perforation proept

14 c.f print strings function

all bdos print skip perforation prompt call get_yn go get response

Je nz, ring_boll jexit if no

14 de,ekp_alines jelze, point to # of lines proapt 1d 0,9 Print strings function

call bdos ask how many lines to skip

call decinpt ok

ta decimal number

skip ahead w/valid entry

jelso, sev defaule at 6

jatore value in table entry

iget ekip lines table entry

jand move it foto the print buffer

Ad (skp_nling) Ad hl, skip_tbl call fil_prt_b¢

Ad hi, betl_tb? call fi1_pre_bt 2¢ (hl) BFF

hi, prt_butter

tore a fev bell rings the print buffer tly, store a terminating byte

t the start of the print buffer ‘and check each byte ‘we found the I At loop send it to the printer list output function ve our pointer first

at byte yeu?

cleared and nenu headi

printed in preparation for the

‘the tion Pp

1d de,heading ;initielize pointer for CPi 1d 0,0 print string’ function

Jp bdos go do it

Print Style Henu

‘inputs

svutputs: Print style

ection panel 1s sent to CRT

prt_strle call prt_heading

clear CRT and print heading tyle_menu

Initialize poin'ar for CPH print strings 1 .stton go do it

Print Type Menu

sOutputarPrint type selection pane) te sent to CRT

Drt_type call prt_heading ;clear CRT and print heading 1d de,type_menu jinitielize pointer for CPM. 16 0,8 print strings function Jp bdos ao do it

Print Another Selection?

jOutputs:Print enother selection mes:

prt.

an? Ad de,ancthor? jinitialize pointer for CPH ldo,9 call’ bdos Jp aot_yn jget response

Direct Keyboard 1/0

Inputs: none

jOutputs:A + carriage return, or capitel ascii key pressed

airect_to 1d c,3 ieonsole input function call bdon rarsey jenaure ie capital w/o destoying CR ret

Console

nuperic keyboard

try - 1x 4, of # carriage return

Bo = numeric keyboard entry - 1 x 4. if valid entry CARRY = set if carriage return pressed

Ido, jeonsole inpat function

call bdos

ep er icheck for default requeat

Jr zicr_only — jreturn if found

call numeric? jtest for valid digit Anpt end reject 1f not jremove ascii bia ireject O entry jmultiply by 4

sand convert to 16 bits

Print Done You?

yback-up the curtor one space

Toputs iprint a character function

Outputs: Print are we done enquiry

Jr got_oum igo get a good digit prt_done? 1d do,done_yet? jinitialize pointer for CPH ae Ain iprint strings function at iapasonyec8 pressed:

Nuserie Input?

[Inputs:Hl = address of the teble entry to be moved to print buffer iOutputs: CARRY = reset, 1f is valid numeric input : i 2 nunber

Outputs! none 2

‘ numeric? op ‘3°

f4l_prt_pe ox deshb imove pointer to DE 1d hl. (buf_ptr) jretrieve print buffer pointer £421_loop 1d a, (de) t byte to pat in print buffer 1d check for terminating byte At loop if found se, move it to print buffer jand adjuet pointers

etc

Sr t111_loop — stay 4n loop until done

end_finl 14 (but_ptr).hl istore print butter pointer for next move ret

pumeric number in the range @-255 (DE mod 256) Da numeric number in the range 0-099 CARRY = wet 1f CR in used for dofaults

Get Y/# Respos deo_inpt 1d AL. snpt_bufr jeet-up input butter

1d (niy,3 for 3 digits maxiaun Ane hi advance pointer ia (an.e aod clear digit counter

f yes or Af cr ine hl advance pointer

Af no 1d b,06h et counter Nir gaseadessh sale y in: tesbeaae elr_bt_ip 14 AD) or end profit buffer with CB's aye ri ia boats weet $uag : dinz cly_bf_ip cp was it a cr? i

1d de,inpt_butr ;point to buffer, which is now ready for 2 1d o,8an sad console buffer until CR function op i gall’ bdoe jo got input JF nEsgetyn 1d a, (bufr_cnt) jget # of digits received anda anda did we get any digits? pre BS phan: Wearuoe vardasanger. F Sr neronly — jif not, assume default values ye yore dindicate yes or or 1@ h1,real_butr jelee, get pointer to buffer contents ret 1d de,00¢¢h —jenaure @ result 1d_b,0oh for later use deo_2_bin push hl

1d a, (m1) call numeric? JF c,error_dec

sub ‘3°

he use oe

eG 5 e Me YA eda blshl SK 7 add hl.de add hi.be

RE ox do.hi

14 bh, bufr_ont dec thi) ¥e-2000 Ur-vain pop Al

AgL7 BCRATHORD AVI. FP ON cases atrheve, digi PANAMA CITY, FL 9a104

ine hi o, adjuse pointer 18.2008 vR-DAI tm a Ly pub Lost tan davotai tw Sr éec_2bin and convert next digit neo of the tien 15 Wok tha “Dios : Pete Eymeans “ore the: 5-200 are dieouneed fn detatl tn and_doo 1d a0 spat number in Aas we expect 0-255 spastan fRonvnt wuvaortpeion 1 912,00 par ret

Yeer of ove

error_dec call prt_errmsg ;print the error message Tr deowtnpt G0 Ket good input prt_errasg 1d de,error_msg ;rotrieve string pointer 1d ¢,0 print string’ function cai béos go do it re

heading

style_nenu

"<> Elarged’

'£.'<6> Condensed"

£,°<7> Bud-soript’ <8> Super-soript’

lect desired print style:8*

or.it.it

er, 1f,1f,'<1> Emphastzed'

or, 1f,1£,'<2> Double-strike’

or, 1t,1f,"<3> Under-Lined*

ox, 1f,1f,12

"Please select desired print type:

cr.1f,2f,1f,'Preos ENTER for defaults in ()° or, 1f,1f,1f, Select left margin (0):9°

or, if,1f,"Select right margin (82):9' def or,1f,1f,'Select # of lines/page (66)

def or.1f.1f defh ‘Do you wish to skip-over-perforations? (Y):9!

F.marg_ing

Pelen_ing

‘akip_pert?

ekp_nlines def or. 1,1

defb * How wany lines are to be skipped? (6)

ded or,1f,1f,"Hake another

ection? <¥/e" defb cr,if.1f,‘Is Get-up complete yet? <¥/i>s’ def ff,1f,1f,1f,1f,2f,12,1f,1f,1f

im ALL Donet’ defb 1f,1f,14,1f,1f,12,1f,1f,1£,1f,bell, "8" dof cr.if.1f,’ Invalid input, pli

je try gains’

those are the printer command tables, all entries are assumed to be hres bytes long, with a terainating byte, OFFh.

style_tb} iElite te type_tb defd osc, defd esc. detb exc. '=") inare_tb) det esc, "1 pLeft margin loft_sere detb Och. e7Fh rnarg_tb) dat esc, °Q° iRight margin raht_oere doth 50h. oFFh pilen_tbl detd onc, 'C* sth pege_ien doth 42n,0FFR skip_tb) dot esc. 'N* {Skip-over-pertoration skp_pline dof> G6h,OFFh bell_tbh defb dell,bell iSound the alarat defb bell OFFh init_tbl iClear Printer Initialization

ja few extra’s for your us

inpt_batr dof 03h dufracnt ay ah ibarr D or.er,cr,cr,or.cr ia tow extre for sefety

his is the reserved ares for the output buffer

dofw prt_bufter pAntialize to firet byte defd OFFH,OFFh.OFFh.OYFh jintialize buffer contents doth GFFh. OFFh.@FFh.OFFh

defb OFFh, OFFh, OFFn.CFFh

defd QFFh, OFFh, OPH. OFFH

doth OFFh, 2FFh, OFFh, Orn

dof OFFh, OFFn, OFTh. OFT

dof OFFh, OFFh.OFFn,OFFS

def OFFh,OFTh,OFFh, OFFr deft OF¥n,OFFh, OFFh.OFFh dof OFFH,OFFn,OFFN.OFM deft OFFh,OFFh, OFFh.OTFh deft OFFh,OFFb,OFFa,OFFh

ond

T/S 1000/ZX81

oom ()P-AMP DESIGN

Mike McGlinchy

This program is a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) program to ist the user in designing 741 type in- ternally compensated operational amplifiers. It will run on @ 2X81/TS1000 or TSiS00.

After keying {n and running the program, you must specify the following six parameters:

1. Typet inverting, non-inverting or differential

2. Frequency

3. Voltage Gain

4. Input Voltage(s)

5. Supply voltages (VCC@VEE)

6. RIsinput resistor

The computer will then calculate and list the following:

Vout

Bandwidth

Output Impedance

Feedback Resistance

RS

Phase Angle

Input Impedance

After the listing {s complete, you can view the Schematic diagram, This program is capable of handling the three basic op-amp configurations (i.e, inverting, non-inverting, and differential mode). Since this program is based on the popular 741 type op-amp, the following nominal values are given:

Gain Bandwidth Product =GBP=i, 000,000

Ri=Input Resistance=1,000, 000.

RowOutput Resistances75s.

Also, the -3dB Bandwidth 1

but

not really -346B

in the ideal OdB. Above the bandwidth the rate of Closure {tm -206B per decade. If the op-anp’s cutput voltage is calculated to be greater than the supply voltages, then VOUT willaVCCeVEE and a ‘clip® will

25

Sei yee TSE Abbe?) Ft ne SHES SSEUB “3S CRAM s. 0 INVERTING = aide ReTuen $188 FOR A:3'TD a7 ste 2 HERTZ 2139 FRINT AT 10.0. °RF.. eae 3178 LET 821s ce bag oft Has #5e°8. 82, 2 JBN 18 STEP VOLTS Sige PRINT AT 11.9. "RS : $185 LET 6231 sae uel ss Be ae ET as $159 o3uB S090 2158 RETURN 4195 FOR A=G TO 17 STEP 2 OHS 2180 PRINT AT 5,0. "UCC evEs.. $202 LET 8232 VOLTS Yoo. TRB as; volts $295 S0Sue S000 HEATZ 2168’ RETURN 4210 BLOT 19,31 OHMS’ 3009 LET ADL acer FRED sei8 PLOT 20/31 gang 2905 Gosue_Zo00 $258 GeoT 2257 ont 3018 IF Ts3 ANG AV. saOL THEN 4225 PLOT 22.31 $00.9 iS DOuTsiva-U2s any. 4239 FOR 8:26 To so Pi 64. 28941 DEGREES 2080 Te AND AYDAOL THEN LE~ 4293 GET Asai ZINGs sees 09909.09 OHMS Sera Tyardds seRoe $249 GOSUE 3500 30eS_IF Ti AND AUC eADL THEN = sees cee B27 1O 3¢ STEP 2 ENTER: 0 TO SEE SCHEMATIC 395 BND AULROL THEN Le $825 SOSus sooo OSUT soins sal é 4260 FOR Asz3 To 33 STEP ENTER O UF YOU WANT TO SEE THE L 3038 SEN Eta AND. AU <sA0L ‘THEN 4268 LET 5252 BIER 2 ervey ing HB SUE Hee, 304: Be AND AYA N eT by 10000 = 1020000 COU AUENgABL ND AY?ROL THEN -€ $239 LET Aaos : : 3045 IF Tl OR T\2 THEN GOTO ies $285 SOSUE 9500 aa 5 $290 IF Te) THEN PRINT AT 7 O;r .e02 © - SOSO IF _T=3 AND v2rva AND ABS VO 4295 FOR B20 To 31 - eocties eck rhen Cer Ueuyiee $300 TF T=3 THEN PRINT AT 2,0;/ 3982 IF T23 AND U2iy2 AND ABS UO Onesie oa. UTOVCS THEN LET VouTa-YCc 2905 IF T=3 THEN PRINT AT 15.0 ROSE CET SueRES 1cBe 34) es : 306 TF T=3 THEN GOTO 3065 $992 IF T22 THEN parnT ar 7.0, -.01 gos? IF T2 AND (WENRAOL) yer 6908 IF $33 THEN PRINT AT 3,0 VOLT (S) EN LET vouT succ OgT IS) ‘ 30SS_IF 722 BNO {VINGAY) DUCE THE SB2S FE.Tso THEN PRINT AT 26,0 SOEO_IF Tel AND (VINER) >UOD THE 4225 PRINT AT 2,12: RF x ter GouTs-ces eee: $320 PRINT AT 3. ioRE 206i Te Tal ANG (wINeRoL) Yer 74 $322 BaINT Ar 12,4 As ' EN LET vouT=-uCc ee IF T=1 THEN PRINT AT BaF S085 IF Tal OR Teo THEN LET Fy 5 1 RSLEeCisa(eaTN (PREQ Bu) 457.355 THEN PRINT AT 7,9; - 3070 IF Ts2 THEN LET PM ANGLE THEN PRINT AT a5 0! 5 Beir oeT Shoo tearee Tye ori TFT e1 Se tab FAEN GOTO 207 4345 IF Tez THEN PRINT AT 16.0 ETING , 2=NON-INVERTING, 35 s es CLT +50" 7 3072 IF T23 AND vie0 THEN LET =4 $250 If T=2 THEN GoTo sa2s INPUT T ANGLE S-ATN epee eu) 887. 2987e5. 4355S If Ts3 THEN GOTO 3258 ey 4560 REM INVERTING GROUND (+50! BOEUG 2002 | eaten pees THEN LET Ree iAY- 4365 FOR B10 TO 20 ERINT BT 3.0. < - $378 LET ASS INPUT _FREO OR Ts3 THEN LET AFR 4375 GOSUB 9500 LET GaP aiSog090 é, 7 $380 FOR AS TO 10 LET Riz1e2d000 THEN LET ZINeRi+ RE 4385 LET 8:9 Cer RO=75 . _ 4398 GOSUB Gogo ee tue baee ee THEN LET ZINeASS 12 233 tee ate TO 9 PRINT “ENTER AY” TREN LET ZINs@#Ri- © 4405 Gosue) 2280 TNBUT QU S438 BLOT ey G05uUB GR Ts2 THEN GOTO 310 a4is Goro i385 If Ta2 4420 REM NON, INU. GND. (-SIDE . If 123 AND U2=0 THEN LET zz 4425 FOR 6-87 TO ot If Ts (RF) 71 sROL) 4430 LET Aad If Te IF T23 AND V1s@ THEN LET Zr 4435 GOSUB 9500 33 IF Te TeRFIS (ti sesAOL) sRaN) oR Es $450 FOR A.8-TO a0 pee 1+SeA0L) RI) 4443 LET B26 i0e0 If T=. LET _ZOUT=RO/ (14Bs40L) 4450 GOSUB S800 $08 IF Te Tf T2i OR Ted THEN LET 2S=) S388 FOR As? TO 9 210 IF Tx: 2) 7 (RF +R I) 4460 LET B24 215 6RINT IF Ts3 THEN LET RSsR1 4465 COSUB 9000 328 input Gosus 2080 2370 BLOT o-e2 125 cosue Tf T=3 THEN Gosus 3135 4425 GoTo 4525 130 PRINT TF Ts} OR Tez THEN GOSuUs 21 $480 REM CIFFERENTIAL : * 4485 FOR Bs8 TO 13 235 INPUT GQSUB 2:60 $490 LET Asai 230 GosuB 7 ” G2SUE 2830 4495 GOSUB 9500 245 ERINT AT 6,0, "“EnTer RI G3U8 £539 4503 FOR As22 To o4 STEP 2 T§0 INPUT 4 GOSUB 2065 4505 LET 8:3 3 GRP 383° EEE Ei ths coro aan HEHE PERE goPe, 2 age iF Ts: o pe * or ag WUT Mpegs &7 Este site ' et $988, 10 F550 Saye gr 8-3 OF eat es $538 EE g:22 "°° = ig : a IF Ts3 THEN PRINT AT 3.90 REM - GRAPHICS 4342 GOSUB 9000 Bods’ eet 10 JPFERENT IA cs 4525 FOR As34 TO 36 BcrHagr ST oAuRecEAERS oes a HEE EELE Soo Ses ed tDat MERE BEEBE. oe HE RSS? o SOA Tee GST Jotegeer sens Bee DIB TO 88 4508 GET Oat. aosa 5 BS pour aves THEN PRINT NEXT © $590 PRINT AT 16,13, RF Bb 4g abe Skt NEXT On v0 09 4538 PRINT AT 0.0; “ENTER @ IF 0 Cie ayer ee "ZING oe . pear earg. TO 20 STEP -2 2065 SRINT AT 21,0; "ENTER O NEXT a’ EE Scnenaric™ NEXT 8 2050 INPUT S. PLOT 34,20 4 O58 IF 320 THEN GOTO 3955 pror 35°30 agee 3T PLOT 36,e0 age BLOT 37.20 a850"4 Pop esti "ro 23 EF TH Og Te theN Gesus 2, . = ue a ee 3A Bhat; 3940: MEH ANGLE +. oe PRINT AT 42. ao: YOUT 2e77 RETURN BRINT AT 42.29. "YOLT (3) 2160 3830 PRINT AT 3,0)" 7 VOUT ZUCe THEN PRINT 2383 eo fne bs HBarsee’ ue BF*fa tao" LIPPED" 2030 OPSRe! es ingere ea *etee 55750 Bay 2085 RETURN $105 PRINT 2085 BC90 PRI oe oe @ 4110 PLOT 2. 2140 oa S215 earn’ THEN GoTO 4635 aogs a a $120 FOR Axel TO 23 2150 ace. a = $225 LET 6325 oo7e ode 4239 Gosus saeo 2 : 38 a vy 4135 FOR Asi9 TO 23 4835 CLS. 25 ba $140 LET Bris 9000 PLOT A,B Pest £145 COsuB S000 S008 NEYT A 2120 FRINT_AT 3,9; "UIN a 4150 FOR Asi TO 13 STEP 2 3828 RETURN WIN. TRE 22. "vaLTS" 9508 NEXT 8’ 2125 RETURN 26 $S19 RETURN

Hatch “four Oem...

if

MICKE T-MOUSE GRAPHIC LSS

by Fred Nachbaur, D.1H.W.LT.

1711 start this article with a little T/S soap-boxing. Perhaps I should add the disclaimer that these are my views, not necessarily those of this magazine (or anyone else, for that matter).

Recent times have seen a lot of attention to video digitizing; converting an image from a video signal or from hardcopy, into an image in computer RAM, which can then be displayed on the CRI screen. This results in realistic images ONLY if you happen to have a color Mac or an Amiga, with their ultra-high resolution, huge color palette, and correspondingly humungous RAM.

However, when using the Timexes and Sinclairs (even the 2068 and QL), this has always struck me asa case of the ¢ wagging the dog. Even the best images that result are grainy, with vorealistic colors. In short, *Mickey-Mouse.”

The situation gets even worse when converting such images back to hardcopy. When using a printer, even the finest software gives only rather primitive grey-scales. Color plotters might seem to be an improvement at first glance, but with their palette of (ty ally) four colors, the pictures that result are usually little more than interesting curiosities.

What has always fascinated me about the computer is its capability to GENERATE graphic images. What does a computer do best? Compute! I.e., crunch numbers, slavishly running coaplex mathematical formulas and displaying the results in graphical form. From this viewpoint, the only difference between the 2X81 and the Cray II is speed of execution. (Well, ok, There may be one or two other, albeit minor, differences.) To paraphrase an ancient philosopher, “Give unto VCR’s that which is video, and to computers that which computes.*

It is entirely thanks to the computer that awhole new geometry has emerged; the ‘fractal* geometry discovered and pioneered by Benoit Mandelbrot and friends, and explored by countless amateur computerists, Fractals are not the only “interface” between mathematics and art; the side-panels accompanying this article, showing how a mouse hatches from an egg, was done with Fourier analysis, a mathematical procedure two centuries old. Want more? How about wire-frame graphics of geometric shapes, “wallpaper algorithms, “Navajo rugs,” spirograms, and on and on.

Very well mow that your computer has taken some nifty algorithm and transformed it into a breath-taking display, how do you save it for posterity? Sure, you can save screens and recall them later, but what if you want faithful hardcopy? As mentioned earlier, ordinary printers work fine with monochrome images and line-drawings. Inexpensive color printers or plotters do a little better, since they can print in red, green and blue in addition to black. Such images still fall far short of the color capability of the QL, TS2068, or TS1000 with Oliger TI video. Darn. Guess we’1l just have to go out and buy a $2000 color laser printer. WRONG!!!

Super-CHEAP Super —GRAPHICS

Timexers have become renowned for finding simple solutions to hairy problems. Is there an inexpensive way of getting faithful hardcopy of even the most complex color screens? Going further, is there any way of getting color hardcopy from a completely stock TS1000 with its black-and-white TV? The answer to both questions is YES. Would you believe that the first is possible with hardware you probably already own, no additional software, at a cost for supplies under 50 cents per copy? Or that breath-taking color from a 2x81 takes just a liltle more software savuy, patience, and experience?

The solution lies in something that might seem pretty “Mickey-Mouse’ at first, but is really very elegant and simple. We’re going to take a look at an ‘ancient technology, going way back to a certain Mesr. Daguerre. That’s right; ordinary, everyday photography. Many people are under the delusion that taking a picture of a CRT screen is impossible, or at best, very difficult. In actual fact, it’s barely more involved than taking a snapshot of your fishing buddy proudly displaying his prize minnow.

* Dabbler In Many Weird, Interesting Technolegies

27

THE POLAROID APPROACH

1 have seen acceptable snapshots done with some of the newer Polaroid or Kodak ‘instant cameras." These have the advantage of providing hardcopy within seconds of taking the snap. However, there are a few problems associated with these that make them less than ideal, assuming that you don’t need the “instant” feature,

One problem has to do with parallax. At the close range that is required, these and other “viewfinder® cameras will displace the image because of the distance between the viewfinder and the ‘taking* lens. Another problem is that the user seldom has full control over exposure time and lens aperture, Further insight into this may come when you read the following section, Lastly, your acquired picture is the only one of its Kind. There is no cheap way of making dupes and enlargements, or correcting minor exposure or framing errors.

THE VERSATILE SLR

I’ve found the SLR (single-lens reflex) 35 mm. camera to be the best tool for taking photos of computer-generated images. Even a cheap, used, off-brand model will be fine for the task at hand. Since focusing and framing is done via the same tens as is used for taking the actual picture, there is never a parallax problem. Furthermore, you generally have full contol over exposure time (shutter speed? and aperture, the two main variables determining your final picture.

4 tripod is very helpful, almost essential. You CAN do without it, by bracing your camera atop a stack of books or other props, but a decent tripod makes it SO much easier and less frustrating.

SHUTTER SPEED

The reason that a tripod is needed, is because acceptable pictures are only produced at slow shutter speeds. Consider that a TV or monitor screen is basically a serial device, scanning 2 complete picture in 1/60th of a second. If shutter speed is less than 1/60, then only a portion of the screen will actually expose the film. Also, actual shutter speed at 1/60th will rarely be EXACTLY the same as the vertical interval of your computer, nor will it be in *sync*. The result can be narrow bands of darkness (not exposed), of brightness (partially double-exposed), Since most SLR’S have a “focal-plane* shutter, they will also tend to introduce diagonal bars or *tears* in your picture if the timing isn’t perfect. Shooting at 1/30th reduces both effects, and shooting at 1/15 virtually eliminates them, However, to be completely safe, you might consider shooting at 1/4 sec. This corresponds to an exposure of 15 frames; one partial exposure out of 15 full ones will never be noticed.

APERTURE

The other contro) that varies the amount of light that reaches the film is the lens aperture setting. There are basically two ways of setting this; by using a light-meter, and by trial and error. If you use a light meter, fill your screen with a representative image, to get a reasonable starting point.

WARNING TO ADVANCED SHUTTER-BUGS: Even though your CRT is actually emitting light, DON’T use an incident light meter. Use your good old reflected light meter. The reason is that the CRT behaves photographically AS THOUGH it were reflecting light from an external source.

Tf you use the trial-and-error approach, shoot a test rojl at various apertures, at both 1/8 and 1715 second shutter speeds. Fill the screen with a representative image, containing approximately equal areas of all colors. When the roll comes back, look at the NEGATIVES to find the one(s) that have the best exposure. HINT: use a B&W film of the same speed as your proposed color film, and “develop only® to keep costs dow.

Whether you use your light meter, or the trial-and-error approach, don’t go whole-hog on your first session. Have your first run of pictures developed first. You can thereby inspect the negatives to make any necessary corrections. One reason is that some films exhibit ‘reciprocity effect® at long exposure times, making light meter readings less accurate. Another is that the garden-variety *averaging® meter may not give a true reading with the photographically *unusual* subject matter.

28

Adjust your contrast and brightness as well as th controls to give the clearest picture possible. ¢ lower “prightness® than usual will generally give superior photos, At the other end, extremely dim screens will typically have a bright ‘edge’ or ‘flare* at the juncture of different colors, If you have a video peaking control, adjust it to give a sharp image without flares. Mark the optimum settings with a Jiffy-marker, to make your setup easy to duplicate next time. Unless you're experimenting with special effects (as below), be wary of changing your monitor settings during a photo session.

color

I found that when using my 13% Sakata color monitor with the @L, and shooting on 200 ASA Fuji film, my optimum setting was #11 at 1/15 sec., and #16 at 1/8 second. The pictures shot at 1/15 were indistinguishable from 1/8 second, using an older-medel Canon SLR.

If you have several monitors, use your best one for your photo sessions. Look at color saturation, sharpness, and geometry (are rectangles truly rectangular? Are circles circular?).

LIGHTS OUT!

This is important. If you ignore this, you’l} be sorry when you get your prints back. When taking your picture, the room should be completely darkened. The ONLY Tight source should be your monitor. The reason is that any

Tight in the room will cause reflections from the front glass of the monitor. ‘anti-reflective coatings or glass will NOT eliminate this effect! You may not even

notice it while taking the picture; the eye (brain) is remarkably adept at tuning out such noise.” The camera, however, is adamantly unforgiving.

Other advantages to ‘lights out* are that blacks will truly be black, and that the frame of the monitor will usually not show. If it does, consider painting it black

(or covering with black camera tape) before further experiments. This next admonition may sound silly to advanced

shutter-bugs, but you'd be surprised at how many people will make this errors using an electronic flash. Pictures taken with a flash will only be pictures of a blank white screen. Remember, the video display is a Vight SOURCE. 1t does NOT operate by reflecting incident light. Using a flash will completely wash it out.

FRAMING

As mentioned earlier, using an SLR will allow you to exactly frame your picture. Take the time to frame your screen properly. Not only should the TV screen be centered in your viewfinder, but it should also be free of distortion because of an improper viewing angle. Pay close attention to the top and bottom; if the top is wider than the bottom you’!l have to physically lower the camera, and vice versa. Same goes for left-right alignment. Stand back from your setup as another check; the plane of the TY screen should be exactly perpendicular to the camera lens’ line of sight. (Now do you see why I recommend using a tripod?)

Finally, don’t fill the entire viewfinder frame, Most cameras (the inexpensive ones, anyway) don’t have an exact correlation between the borders of the viewscreen, and the actual edge of the film image. Furthermore, in process of printing, a little bit of the image Is always lost around the edges. Keep the TV screen image in an area about 90% of the full viewscreen, and you should be alright.

29

Advanced Topics

If you're a more advanced photographic enthustast (perhaps even a professional), there is really no limit to the magic you can do with your computer and camera. 1711 touch on some ideas for you to experiment with.

MULTIPLE EXPOSURES

If your camera allows double or multiple exposures, and if you have at least some software expertise, you can have yourself a field day.

Hees about unlimited colors? One way to do this is by using your TINT contro! to give colors not ‘normal® for your machines e.g. browns, fleshtones, violet, etc. The reason I mention software expertise is that you’l) have

to figure out some way of ‘filtering all but the desired color(s), leaving the rest black, Make an exposure of these, then reprint the screen with your

*alternate* colors, adjusting TINT to give the desired effect. Make the second exposure. Continue as far as practical, or you have patience for.

At the beginning of this article J promised a way of displaying full-color images from a stock 2X81, using an ordinary white-screen TV set. Again, multiple exposures can be used to display as many colors as you like. This time, however, you'll need a set of optical filters of the desired colors, as well as the ability to do ‘software filters’ to display only the material of each color, for each exposure. Ordinary colored cellophane actually works surprisingly well. If you’re in a larger city that has a motion-picture supply house, try to get a booklet (usually free) of “sample” lighting filters, as supplied by Lee and other companies.

When using optical Filters, you'll also nave to know the filter factor’ for each color filter used. If not given, you can get an approximation by using your light meter; point the camera at a blank white wall, and note the f-stop reading, Put the filter in front of the lens, and determine by how many stops the light has been decreased by the filter, This will typically be between 1/2 and 2 f-stops. Use this data to compensate your aperture opening during exposure.

Let’s say you want to do a color picture of a particularly neat fractal. Plot only those points then shoot it with the

corresponding to each color, appropriate filter. Continue to your heart’s content. In principle, especially if you are doing the picture in WRXI6 hi-res, you can come up with pictures that look as if they were done on a Mac.

then doing ultiple exposures, a GOOD tripod is absolutely essential. So is a bulb or cable release. The SLIGHTEST movement will throw your picture out of registration, and thus betray your “secret.®

Another factor that affects registration Is electronic in nature. Especially at high brightness, the distribution of light and dark on a CRT can affect the width Cand sometimes even the height? of the displayed image. This is called blooming.’ Reduce blooming to a minimum by using the lowest brightness that will give an acceptable picture.

Many cameras, especially the more modern ones, are extensively interlocked against accidental multiple exposures. Fine for the ordinary snap-shooter, but a

real bane for advanced amateurs and beyond. Sone cameras can be *tricked® into multiple exposures by holding the rewind release button while advancing the film. I say "sane." because while many will allow this, they may not

keep perfect registration. The only way to find out if your camera holds the film securely enough during this operation, is to experiment,

This next suggestion might curl the toe-nails of pro’s and semi-pro’s, but don’t write it off as “just one of ol’ Fred’s ravings.” Remember the Argus C-3? These were made by the millions in the “50’s, and are still giving camera reviewers #lashback nightmares. However, it is IDEAL for playing around with computer photography, Uhy? Let me count the ways. It can be picked up CHEAP at any photographic junk shop. It uses readily available 35mm 4ilm. It has a between-the-lens leaf shutter, causing much less trouble with video images than do focal-plane shutters. It are almost too easy to double-expose. Its blocky shape is a boon 1 you don’t have a tripod, and rely on a stack of bricks to Keep your act together. Focusing is easy with its split-1mage rangefinder. The

only thing you’ll really have to worry about, is parallax. However, this won’t take you long to compensate, with a little experimentation,

SELECTIVE DEFOCUSING

Getting back to our friend, the SLR, there is another

trick you can use to actually IMPROVE the image you see on the TV, especially with color monitors. Since these have discrete dots making up the plane of the display, the photos that result can have an obviously grainy "video" look.

Most SLR’s automatically open the aperture all the way during set-up and focusing, both to allow for maximum brightness and to narrow the depth-of-field to make focusing easier. However, all but the cheapest ones have a way to override this, so you can view your scene at the actual aperture selected. You can use this feature to slightly de-focus your image, causing the discrete phosphor dots on the CRT to blend together.

AT SILICON MOUNTAIN,

You'll have toa use judgement, and the wisdan of experience, to determine how much defocusing is ideal. Not enough, and you stil} have the gram. Too much, and you lose resolution, making the picture ook obviously out of focus. Done right, hcwever, it will be difficult to tell that the resulting photos were shot from a TV or monitor screen,

A PARTING SHOT....

1/11 Jeave you with a little anecdote, Shortly after the 2X81 came out, | worked up my first "big" program. The 782040 was not yet available, and 1 refused to buy that awful "2X" printer. Guess hew 1 generated program listings, and screen dumps for my documentation? That’s right, I used my trusty rusty SLR to shoot each screen, then had the film contact-printed. Early purchasers of my original FOURIER package (the predecessor to the program that did the side-panels shown here) may still be wondering to this day, how I got those clean, sharp “mini screen-dumps* back in those bad old days. Well now you Know.

The circle i¢ complete. From a stop-gap measure because suitable printers didn’t exist, to high-res color fractals, good old conventional photography STILL has Little competition if you want striking color hardcopy of your graphic computer displays. Especially if you consider the cost!

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use cool logic to bombs

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(by G. C. Harder) These started out as

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the 2X81, TSI000 or TS1SO0 with &K requires 32K or more.>

out to write The word is in ~ he has Includes Zebra joystick

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(by F. Nachbaur) Includes BLACKJACK, HI-RES CHESS, and INVADERS. though t~provek ing

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PLAYING WITH ELECTRICITY

oes | al sk | ———

Tucked away inn description of tho QL hardwaro in the Technical Guide is wention of the fact that bit 7 of the Display Control Register “con be used to switch the base of screon momory from $2000 to $26000". H=ms, interesting 1

thought and vont: on to more pressing concerns. I wont back to investigate the dual screen There iz n discussion & progra “QL. Advanced User

First a

Recently, display. Adrian Dickens real; but flawed Bap.

dealing with it in Guide". The news is it is quick overview of the QL memory

USE

256K © BAAD Top of On Board RAM 192K 82830000 Top of Screen} Top of Commoa Heap Base of Common Heap 20028488 Top of Sys_Var 188K — BBB28900 System Variables & Base of Screen! 0027FFF Top of Screen® 126k = Bea20000 Bage of Screen@

The insedinto problem with the second Screen is the fact that the System Variables are locked into $28000 which is the base of Screen}. This means that if you simply flick the bit which controls the base of the display, you will get a bunch of derbage on the top of your screon. The garbage is tho video reprosentation of the System Variables.

You can tako a lock at this effect with the following short Superbasic Procedure.

100 RiMark switch in Screen 2

118 =

12@ DKFine PROCedure SWITCH

13@ 0 SV_MCSTA=163002 : REMark $20034

135 DC_REG =964@3_ : RKMark $19063

148: DCR_STATUS=PEEK(SV_MCSTA)

188 DCR_STATUS=DCR_STATUS *~ 128: REMark toggle bit 7 168° POKE SV_NCSTA, DCR_STATUS REMark tell Sys_Var

176 TORR DC_REG, DCR_ STATUS REWork tell hardvare 188 END DEFine SWITCH 190

This in interesting, but useloss display, one has to be @ little trickier. One of the neat things sbout the QL is that QD0S is extensible. In particular, one can link in tasks for the QL to porforw after ench interrupt. There is a Level 2 Interrupt (called 8 Frene Interrupt) on the QL every 1/68 second; which is related to the Vertical Sync signal.

What we neod to do is Link in a short Task which cheoke what screon we are displaying; then if ve are displaying Soreend, do nothing, while if we are displaying Screeni, wait, until the display has panned the 5K or so of System Variables then switch in Sereent.

The assembly languate code to do this is listed below in the file DunlSer_asm, Onco you have this oode installed, you will run into the next problem. There is no support in QDOS for writing to Screent. It is evident that in the development. of the QL, this was a matter of gone debate, because in the SCR/CON Channel Definition Block (CD_B1k), there in an entry (SD_SCKB) Bane address of soremn. The unfortunate fact is that the SCR/CON device driver does not use this voriable. Instead tho base addross ($20000) is hardeoded inte the drivor. This was no doubt done in concert with the decision to tie the System Variables at $20000.

4s the QL is at present, if the driver did use the €D_BLk variable, clearing the screen would erase all the System Variables; no it is just as well that it is not ieplemented !

What's to do? It ceomed to mo that tho simplest method to use would be to simply copy Screen@ into the useable part of Screeni. The Supurhauic extension SCOPY performs this task. I wanted a Clear Screoni capability es well, so I added the PROCedure SCLR. Thie procedure expects one parameter which is used to colour Screen!. The video raz of the QL display is arranged thus:

To woke o useable

St

Harvey Taylor

Mode 4

Even Byte : Odd Byte

76543210 76843230 =~ ~Bite

CRGGGGGG : RRRRRRRR G - Green R - Rod

Mode 8 F - Flash

Rven Byte : Odd Byte B - Blus

76543210 = 70543210 - Bites

GFGFGFGF =: RBRBRBRB

Passing SCIR the parameter @, will paint tho screen black. You can play with other peramoters to see the effect of sctting various bits. If you use 65288 for Green, the interproter returns an overflow error; but -256 works fino. 255 printer the screen red.

The procedure SCKO turns off the Auto-Tog¢le and gives you tho default display, io. Soreon®. The procoduro SCR1 turns off the Auto-Tostle and gives you Screenl. The procedure SCRA turn on the Auto-Togdlo; ia. switch between the two screen using <CTRL><F5>.

Tho function SCRNUM tells you which soreon is ourrently being displayed, @ or 1. The function SHHERK tell you the

boro of the Cosmon Henp Mosory reserved by tho initialization eode.

There are some proviso’s with this code. It ehould be initielized from » boot: in particular before a directory of @ second device is done. This is because we want Screenl to begin as close to tho Base of the Common Heap os possible. If you do a diroctory of another device before initialising; QDOS reserves some coneon heap az a Channel Dofinition Block and 9 Physical Definition Block. This will show up as a vhite band similar to what SWITCH produces.

Related to this situation is the value of the Timeout value used to wait before switching Screen] on. See the comments in the _asm file.

The othor provico, ic that the dividing line where Screeni svitches in is not stable. The easiest way to handle this problem, is to put a black border over the region similar to the PROCeduro SDEMO below.

The first SBasic profram below creates a file DSCR_ext which is used by the second the SBesic program SDEMO.

Er REMark PLAY WITH SCREEN UTIL 128 LAYOUT

138 INIT

148 DEMO

158 STOP

168 :

17 DEFine PROCedure DEMO

168 ©PAPER @: CLS

198 = PICTURE

208 «PAPER 4

210 AT ©,@: PRINT ‘SCREEN 1° 226 = SCOPY

238 «=6SCRI

246 = CLS

258 SCRA

268 = ©6SCRA

276 ~=LIST TO 268

268 AT O,@: PRINT ’SCREEN Q’

PRINT#®,’USE <CTRL><F5> TO TOGGLE SCREENS’ 398 END DEFine DEMO

318 :

320 DEFine PROCedure PICTURE

330 FOR M=@ TO PI STEP .25: FOR N= TO 105 STEP 15 : INK (RND(2,6)): CIRCLE 20 @,128,4,.5,M: END FOR N : END FOR M 348 INK 7

35@ END DEFine PICTURE

360 :

378 DK&¥ine PROCedure INIT

380 nam$="SCR2_ext’

398 devs=’flpi_’

42@ LBYTES devs & nam$, RESPR(512) 416 PRINT’ Loaded’

420 CALL RESPR(@) 43@ PRINT’ Initialised’ 449 END DEFine INIT

46@ DEFino PROCedure LAYOUT 478 WINDOW#, 512, 64,0,8

460 WINDOW#1, 512, 192, 0, 498 «© WINDOW#2, 512, 19:

: BORDER #0, 10,0 84 : BORDER #1,10,0 1,64 : BORDER #2,10,0

500 PAPER#2, 4: INK#2,3 510 PAPER#1,4: INK#1,7 520 PAPERSO,2: 1

(NK#2, 7 530 SCALE 256,9,0: MODE 4 548 END DEFine LAYOUT

et REMark Create SCR2_EXT filo

128 DIOAD 13@ DSAVE 148 STOP

168 DKFine PROCedure DSAVE

178 —- REMark Save memory to file

182 nams=’SCR2Z_ oxt’

198 dev$=" fip1_

208 SBYTES dev$ & nom$, RESPR(O), 408 210 END DEFine DSAVE

238 D&Fine PROCedure DLOAD 240 © -REMark writes DATA to memory & inits PROC & FUNC 250 eadr-RESPR(512)

266 = RESTO!

278 REPeat loop

280 READ x: IF x=-1: EXIT loop 290 POKE addr, x

300 addr=addr+1

310 END REPeat loop 320 =PRINT#0, ‘Loaded *

33@ CALL RESPR(8)

348 PRINT#O, Initialized’ 350 END DEFine DLOAD

370 REMark SCR2_ext code for 2 screens utility

386 REMark SCLR, SCOPY, SCR6,SCR1,SCRA; SCRNUM, SHHERE 390 REMark

400 DATA 67, 258,0, 78,52, 128, 1,16

410 DATA 78,146, 116, 8, 34,60,0,3

420 DATA G,@,65, 249,9,2,128,0

430 DATA 32, 48,,8, 65, 240,8,0

44@ DATA 146,136, 47,1,112,24,78,65 458 DATA 34, 31,74, 128, 162 24.6) 250 460 DATA 1, 16,34, 136,67 cere 47® DATA 65,250, 1,12, 11 33,73

8 TA 8,4, 78,65, 11216, 78, M7

498 DATA G,5,@, 144, 4, 83, 67, 82

500 DATA 65,,0, 144, 4,83, 67, 82

518 DATA 48,0,0, 144, 4,83, 67, 82

520 DATA 49,0,0, 88, 5,63, 67,70

538 DATA 80, 89,0, 34, 4,83, 67,76

540 DATA 82,6,6,8,8,2,8,174

559 DATA 6,83, 67,62, 76,85,77,0

568 DATA @,116,6, 83, 87,72, 69,82 578 DATA 69,0, ), 52, 128,1, 18

568 DATA 78, 146,74, 128, 102,6,12, 67 590 DATA @,1, 103, 4, 112,241, 78,117 606 DATA 48,54, 152,0,65,250,0,154 610 DATA 32, 60, 67,249, 0,3,9,0 628 DATA 48,192,177, 201, 101, 258,96,8 630 DATA @, 132,67, 249,8,3,0,0

648 DATA 32,9, 65, 250,0, 124, 32, 88

65@ DATA 144, 136, 83, 64, 69, 249,8,2 668 DATA 128,98, 19,34, 61, 200,255, 252 67@ DATA 96,98, 67,250,@, 184, 8B, 209 689 DATA 96,98, 67,250,0,96,66,61

698 DATA 96, 82, 67,250, 8, 88, 50,188 10® DATA @, 255, 96,72, 67, 2508,9, 74

71@ DATA 34, 17,34,118, 6, 68, 93,73

728 DATA 45, 73,0, 88, 66, 116, 152,0

738 DATA 74,129, 103, 16,52, 68, 8,32 748 DATA 83,66, 227,129, 104, 258, 226,145 758 DATA 61, 138, 152,@, 45,129, 152, 2 76@ DATA 120,2,96,24,114,1, 194, 58 778 DATA ©, 29,34, 118, 6,88, 85,73

782 DATA 45, 73,9, 86,61, 128, 152,0

79@ DATA 56,6@,0,3,112,0,78,117

4

820 DATA @, 52,19, 193,0, 1,128, 99 830 DATA 74, 43, 9,7, 163, 36,74, 174 840 DATA G, 152, 102,58, 74,174,8, 156 850 DATA 102, 44, 74, 46,8, 238, 102,38 868 DATA 48, 66,6, 44, 61, 208, 255, 254 870 DATA 8, 193,@,7,19,193,0,1

888 DATA 128,99, 74, 43,0,6, 103,14 898 DATA 74, 46,0, 51, 183, 8,61, 238 909 DATA 8,513,768, 43,0,7,78,117,-1

oooooooooooOoooOoDoOoOoOooOooOoooOooOoooo0oo0o0o0o000000

MANDELBROT -: A Fractal World

Part Three

Michael E.

The Machine Code

Now that we have the BASICS cut of the may, we can get down to the microcode or the machine code portion of our program, It is not my intention to provide an introductory lesson in 68000 assembly language programming with this article. However, I do intend to cover @L specific instructions (1 Traps and Vectors). There are a number of books available to teach the basic instruction set of the 68000 family of chips. One series of books im available from Motorola for a very reasonable charge.

Before I get started with our discussion of the various supporting machine code programs, a short disclaimer, This prog was my first attempt at

coding in 68K code. Experienced programmers will find sone awkward and round-about approaches in the code.

MANDELBROT SOURCE CODE start One of the important things to remember, when writing machine code for the GL, is that the Register DO must contain the value of O for a successful return to BASIC. The QL uses this register to provide

Carver

for error traps and reports when returning from Trap or Vector calls. Any value, ather than O in DO, ts ween by the ROM as an error when returning to BASIC or concluding a Trap/Vector call. See pages 19-20 of the Concepts section of the GL Guide for a breakdown of the Error Report Codes. DO will contain & negative value for an official error (i.e., <1 = not completes -2 = invalid job,} etc.). The first routine in our source code, start, simply locates and stores the location of the array data area to be used by the machine code program.

calc

Our next section {is one of the round-about methods I warned you about. Its role is to from BASIC, certain #loating point values ne the reiterative calculations. e straight approach would be to obtain these values from within the machine code program, using an input from keyboard routine. Even so, some valuable lessons can

32

be learned from this section of code. In the Ql, the SuperBASIC memory area is dynamic. It can grow or Shrink and move about within memory. For this reason, the Aé register is used to point to the base address of this area. Any particular location in this area, including SuperBASIC system variables or the BASIC program, is referenced relative to Aé. Each area of this memory is indexed by two pointers, for the start

and the end. These “stacks* are upside down. The SuperBASIC system variables start t OFF $00. (Note: Iwill be using ‘8° to indicate numbers in HEX.) Each procedure, function, and variable created from within SuperBASIC is indexed via a nane table and @ name list. Their starting add found in the SuperBASIC system variables area. Their offsets are $18 (BY.NTBAS) and 20 (BV.NLBAS)

respectively--both long words. Their ending addresses are found at offsets $1C (BV.NTP) and $24 (BV.NLP). The Name Table 1s composed of blocks of eight bytes. This block contains information on the type, a pointer to the location in Name List, and a pointer to the value. See Table 1 for a complete breakdown of this information. Let's now look at the calc routine of the code. The comments accowpanying the first few lines of this routine are misleading, The result of move.t $1e924),ai does not retrieve the actual address, only the offset from Aé. By adding Aé to Al, the actua ending address of the table is found. Since the SuperBASIC variables we wish to pass to the machine code program are floating point, we are looking in the Name Table for the occurence of "0202" (s Table 1). The actual names are stored in the Name List with one byte for the length of the name, followed by the ASCII of the name. Checks are made through the Name Table for floating point variables. 14 one is found, its entry in the Name List is Calculated and a check for either cf or cz is carried put. By declaring the chine code variable space as a long word of © and by transferring the data from the Name List into the first 3 bytes of space, we can ke a long word check against Di and D2 (see section

labeled 7ipoint). The Name List is not arranged in a normal 68000 manner. It is customary, in 68K enbly language, to insure that all addresses be on

word boundaré (i.e., even addresses). When found, the addresses of the actual floating point values are Stored in their appropriate machine code spots. Floating point variables are stored in the with six byte (a 16-bit ponent with ntissad. Integ are stored two words. The GL stores strings with the first word defining the length of the atring, followed by the actual string itsel#. I¢ the string is an odé number of bytes long, it will be stored with a spare byte to adhere to the normal 68K convention of word boun Array storage im rather complex. There is ong word as a relative pointer to the actual of data. This is followed by a word for the of nsion along with

au

start number of dimensions. For each dimension, a pair

words is used which define the di an index multiplier for it. This amble is followed by the actual array, using the e format as stated above for integer, floating point, or string.

set_up

The first portion of this section moves the actual floating point data from the SuperBASIC variable area into our machine code variable area. We are now ly #er our first voyage into the GL ROM via Vector utilit “floating point math.

Before any calculations are carried out, a check for ample space on the maths stack should be performed. This is accomplished by the Vector utility S11A (BV.CHRIX - reserve space on hs stack). Upon try, Di should contain the number of bytes needed G a long word). When exited, the following registers are effected:

Di corrupted as

D2 carrupted AL

DS corrupted az

as If there is insufficient space on the stack, this Vector cali will pand it. This may entail Roving the stack’s location. The location of ti

atack im found by checking the SuperBASIC variable BV.RIP, which has the offset from Aé of $58.

33

bigloop

Floating point routines, within the @L ROM, are

accessed by two different Vectors, RI.EXEC - $11 for one operation and RI.EXECB - $iiE for a list of operations. Upon entry, the following registers Should be set up as follows:

DS.W operation code (RI.EXEC only)

D7. wet to @ to insure reliabl: ution

ALL pointer to maths stack (relative to Aé)

ASL pointer to the list of operations (RI.EXECB only? AaeL pointer to base of variable area (relative to A6)

The following registers are affected by the call:

Di pr. Ae pr ved D2 pr Al updated pointer to maths stack D3 pr az AS aa An error report -18 tn DO will indicate an arithmetic overtiow. See Table 2 ‘for the various math functions available. All results of the math operations will be

found on the top of the stack. RI.DUP (duplic the only exception, in that it will incre: t stack by one item and update the stack pointer leaving two items on the stack. The ¢irst four renove

)

the first item on the stack and replace it with the result. The next four (along with RI.POWFP) take both items on the stack and replace them with one item and

thus decr. the size of the stack. The remaining functions will remove the top item on the stack and replace it with the result. To use the RI-EXECB (list of operations), AS should point to the list of bytes (opcodes). This list must end with #00

All of the math operations carried out by this portion of the code have only two items on the stack, though room was reserved for 4 floating point numbers. This allows us to leave certain items on the stack and by changing the stack pointer, carry out

another operation. Finally, this new result can be Combines with other items t on the stack for further math operations. This saves the need of pulling items off the stack, storing and retrieving them when needed later. Scan the code between diglcop and check and see if you can trace this

of the maths stack. (Refer to the first

this to se @ BASIC version of the

calculations being carried out by this portion of the code.)

The remainder should be fairly

of the Madelbrot 1* explanatory.

Source Code

SNAPSHOT SOURCE CODE

IMPORTANT NOTE: There is a major error in both the source code and the BASIC loader (Listing 4, on Nov/Dec '87) for the Snapshot machine code routi "typo* reversed two numbers in the source cod: In the source code, Jines labeled snapshot and paste should read 131086 not 131068. In the BASIC Listing (see lines 1000 and 1020) "6828,1,-4,16890" should read 6828,2,14, 16070 My apologies to all who could not de-bug this ca error.

This is a atratgne-éaresrd piece of code, It reads a group of bytes form a certian section of the screen's memory map and stores then in a variable area contained in the machine code program, My approach to accomplish this was rather but quick and dirty. To find the actual point for the upper left-hand corner mini-window area, I POKE'd numbers into the memory until I found the exact point. the memory starts at #20000 or 131072d and 4 32K long. The actual screen grid is 128 byt and 256 bytes high. The mini-window is 24 bytes wide

amateurish, starting the

of

and 36 bytes high. The window starts 14 byt from the start of the screen and is 24 bytes wide, By adding 80 to the last address of the window's scan line, we wil exactly 1 line below the the previous location (or a total of 128 byt. paste routine reve this process by moving the

copy of the mini-window area back to the screen.

PLOTTER SOURCE CODE

start plot This machine code module contains two separate routines. One, start, plots the mandelbrot map from already compiled data, The other one, plot, draws the Oraphic routines from within map while it is being calculated. The first section "echine code are aiso acc of code (start, = loop and n_loop) run through the through Trap WS functions

ry

already calculated data, setting the proper ink calor $D.POINT --~ D8*838 —-~ plot a point and plotting each point to the screen. Let's examine See eo eee cco laron tan’ gece the various : . jo raw subroutines used by both routines: Seen aa eh Sebuaas eae Stata ciel aWibiiel convert SD.SCALE --- D@=634 --- detine acale and origin

TOCUR ---Does36 define text cursor position This subroutine is a maths operation executed by ide calling the RE TEREC Vectoe peeviaueey alaccacea, UPON entry, the following resisters must be prepared:

Before we can plot a point to the screen, the x and y Pic etebee Pad coordinates must be in floating point forms. rae Bee ace patbted

Upon exit, the following registers DS corrupted Am pr rved

The color attributes for any D2 preserved Al corrupted

window can be wet by calling one of

three Trap #3 They are:

SD.SETPA Paper color Each of the functions require that certain para- SD.SETST --- D@=828 --- atrip color meters (floating point form) be placed on a maths SD.SETIN --- Dé=@29 --- ink color stack pointed to by Al. This stack is also ups

@ affected:

ank

Upon entry, the following registers need to be down, To insure successful operations of t accordingly: functions, there should be 240 bytes free on the Di.B color stack, See Table 3 for the parameters which must be D3.W timeout (-1) on the stack (relative to Al) for each of the graphic AGL channel ID routines. Upon returning, the following registers are affected: Di AS preserved start? ai eertunved Unlike the routine at start, this routine only A2 preserved plots one point at a tine, updating the machine code Ly Ran complete on <6 sevatidicnanhe’ 20. variables for the x and y coordinates before

returning to BASIC, It also uses the same subroutines detailed above. Some of the var d by this code may have

Channel ID's in machine code are not quite the been POKEd into their location from SuperBASIC same as Channe] #’s in SuperBASIC. The Channe] Table tarray, m point, n_point and color}. This is another contains pointers to channel definition blocks within round-about method of passing parameters from Super- the common heap (or *FFOOOO0O if the channel is BASIC to machine code. closed). The channel ID consists of two words. The low word is a reference to its location in the I hope this article will be a start for the Channel Table and the high word is the tag number. aspiring 68000 machine codists. There is a great Every t channel {s opened, its tag number wil} potential lurking in the heart and soul of the OL, be one gr than the previously opened channel, and most of it is easily accessible via machine code. When the OL is fired up, 3 default channels are op 1 feel that 68K machine code is much more flexible 00000000 {= SuperBASIC channel #0 {the lower and dynamic than Z60. (Now, now, if any of you Z80 window), 00010001 is SuperBASIC channel #1 (the fans have gotten this far, don’t count ne as print window), 600020002 is SuperBASIC channel #2 e@x-Z60 buff. One will still find me hacking away at (the list window). No matter what the SuperBasic the ole Silver Avenger--TS2066!!) With the channel # 18 for the next channel opened (i.e., #32), availability of a large number of Traps and Vectors, {t will almost certainly have the channel 1D of much of the chore of coding in jembiy language hal 00030003. The Mangelbrot program u the default been removed. Once again, I would Tike to apologize window #2 to display the mandelbrot map, making to any who y have lost a few nights sleep due to calculations of the channel ID a snap. the error in the Snapshot code.

This section of code uses the color data POKEd into memory by the SuperBASIC program (lines Z830 and ue to the length of

4250). The distance point #rom the mandelbrot set (1 Michael Carver's Mandelbrot machine code subroutine,

to 255) is used as an index pointer to the this Listing will be included next issue, when this appropriate color in this table. series conclud editor

the source code listing of

Bibliography: Denning, Adam Advanced GL machine cove. Duckworth, 1985.

Gandot#, Martin Machine code programming on the Sinctatr Ql. Hutchinson, 1985.

Kane, Gerry 68998 microprocessor handbook. Osborne/McGraw Hill, 1986.

King, Tim Progamming the 6a

Addtson-w

ey, 1985.

Krantz, Donald 6800# assembly languages techniques for building programs, Addison-Wesley, 1986.

nese: @-/16-/32-bit microprocessors progranner’s ference manual. Prentice-Hall, 1986. (Available from Motorola -~ check your yellow pages for a representative.)

Pennell, Andrew Tre Sinclair @D0S companions # gui operating system. Sunshine, 1985.

to the a

Williams, Steve Programming the 68988. Sybex, 1905.

34

18 RI.COS cosine -- Variable types

sia RI.SIN wine davinta the'tyae ot ahet nace SIS RI-TAN tangent undesined string variable Son Ricasin®? vaccaine. undefined ¢loating point number pies Gtacod ~ -actecine Mocerinedisnceser. 424 RI.ATAN — arctangent stn ing expression 926 RI.ACOT = aarcotangent ioating: pote s28 RI.SGRT square root integer ekpret s2A RI.LN natural loge string variable s2¢ RI.LOGIS base 12 tags Float ne reoint «number: s2e RI.EXP exponential integer 338 RI,POWFP take NOS > TOS Substring (used internally only) string array floating point array integer array SuperBASIC procedure TABLE 3 -- Graphic function parameters SuperBASIC string function f SuperBASIC ¢laating point function SD.POINT Soo1A1) y co-ord SuperBASIC integer function soeial) x co-ord #0602 REPeat top name SD.LINE seBtAi) ~y Ca-ord of end of line $8792 © FOR loop counter (#leating point) 26(A1) x co-ord of end of line } 98686 © machine code procedure social: —y co-erd af start of line s8908 = machine code function B12(AL) x Co-ard af start of line SD.ARC — SBBLA1) angle of the are word pointer to entry in name Liat (or -1 14 expression) S6(AL) —-y Co-ord of end of arc Jeng Pointer to value (For variables this $OC(AL) x Co-ord of end oF arc

the variable area, or if undetined, For SuperBASIC procedures and functions, the high word im the line number of the DEF statement. For machi

#12(01) —-y co-ord of start of arc x co-ord of start of arc angle of rotation

S8D.ELIPSI

and definitio: the long word i the radius Sy ane routine, secenericity (1 1¢ a etretes siziai) yy covora of center Sloat) 2 coverd of center SD.SCALE SOB(AL) x position of graphica origin TABLE 2 -~ Floating Point functions Sas Y repen of graphics origin SeCtAl) Acale factor OPCODE WANE FUNCTION SD.GCUR SBOCALD graphica x co-ord 802 RILNINT INT floating point into word integer (ALD graphics y co-ord $84 RI.INT truncate ¢loating point into word integer CIAL) horiz. pixel offset of cursor 806 RI.NLINT INT floating point form into lang integer Si2(A1) vert. pixel offset of cursor $98 RILLINT convert integer into floating potnt on -RILADD| ada TOS to NOS soc RI.SUB subract TOS from NOS Sez REUMULT — uitiply Tos by NOS RI.DIV divide TOS into NOS RI-ABS t absolute value Arineol” kegs QL Computer $129.95 REDUP duplicate

Speed Screen $3595

M6 Rom-newest ver. $41.95

QL Technical Guide $14.95

Archive Runtime V2.38 $35.95

Task Master $39.95

Spellbound $49.95 We carry ALL hardware

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VISA & MASTER CARD accepted with 3% surcharge.

ARCHIVE MASTER

ARCHIVE Database is a powerful,

flexible and unique program that

w supplied as a “*bonus" with

most new GL computer systems. However, due to it’s complexitity and lack of complete documentation, it is perhaps the most misunderstood QL program...that is, up until now. Enter the new book,

from Executive Workshop. ARCHIVE MASTER explores all of the inner workings of ARCHIVE,

and contains tips & tricks to help

you make ARCHIVE an even more powerful tool for personal use business. Complete procedures are

included to set up an Inventory program, a Customer/Supplier file,

an Accounts Receivable/Invoicing

Program, a Mai] List Manager,

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ARCHIVE MASTER is supplied with a durable three ring binder, and is priced at $44.95 (plus $3 StH). Order your copy from:

RMG ENTERPRISES 1419 1/2 7th Street Oregon City, OR 97045 (503) 655-7484

Sounds like a spy thriller, but the title really refers to an income tax prepa- ration program (in the nick of time), a personal or $nall-business double-entry accounting system, and a revolutionary multi-taskable, multi-file, universal full-screen editor--all for. the Sinclair QL.

BUSOFT'S TAX-I-QL/87 * # ¥ *¥ 172

TAX-I-QL/87 is a rather complex IRS Form 1040 template designed to simplify tax

preparation by individuals or tax-form preparers. It replaces TAX-I-QL which had to be rewritten from scratch. It is used with either QLSS version 2.1 or ABACUS version 2.3 and a QL with at least 256K RAM. Few instructions are on the template, and most instructions must be read from IRS forms, but this should remove a little drudgery from the process, satisfy your soul, and leave you a good record with which to impress your IRS tax auditor.

The disk version can print to IRS forns but the Nicrodrive version will not.

Since you probably won’t read this before 30 March, I have tried to arrange an expeditious way to order the software, TAX-I-QL/87 1s deductible at $24.95. Send your check to EMSOFT, P.O. Box 8763, Boston, NA 02114-8763. Specify the Microdrive or 5 1/4" disk version, and, if the latter, whether double~ or quad-density, EMSOFT will expedite shipment. No telehone orders.

A.R.K. Distributions THE SPY * * * * ¥

A.R.K.'G THE SPY is from Richard Howe and those wonderful folke who gave us ARCHIVIST. THE SPY is billed as a mlti- file, multitaskable, universal full-screen editor. Not a word processor, the program "is designed primarily for programmers who want an editor which EXECs quickly, multi-— tasks, and takes as little space as possible Cin RAM) while providing all the fundamental editimg facilities at the highest speed.”

THE SPY lives up to this billing and more. A.R.K., for Applied Research Kernel, Distribution is in the business of designing and retailing business software, and their latest product is another good piece of work. 500K of assembler source language have been compiled onto about 200 Microdrive sectors. The people at A.R.K. believe that in the future most small computer sustems will be emulated faster on Transputer* based home micros, and, if so, computer owners may be freed from the whims and follies of com puter companies.

DEDDODDODDUDELDODDDODDDDDODDUBEDDDDDDDDEDEDDDDDDDDD SG

Gqggggqqagaqaagqaaqogagraccaaaqgagsqagagaaggqaqqcqagscacaqqcqggqaqagaaag:

Time Designs Tests

TAX-I-QL/87, PACIOLI and THE SPY by Mike de Sosa

agaganaqaaaqagaaaaaay

What can THE SPY do? It can load and stack as many files (programs) as your QL RAM permits, allocate working space to each, and tansfer blocks of code (from assembler language to SuperBASIC) locally within files or globally between files. Files can be of

aqacaacadcaaaaagaaaacaaaat

any type from binary to text. It commands functions using a single keypress or combination keypress, that is, CTRL B to drop the BLOCK menu or CTRL Z to zap the

current file from the stack. are via the function keys. Extremely rapid

operation is possible, shifting between screens of code and moving or correcting

Other commands

blocks of code semi-automatically. THE SPY can, for example, load itself, customize itself, and then replace itself--something

like a Phoenix.

THE SPY is said to be compatible with QRAM, KEYDEFINE, and probably with other master multitasking programs. (The software arrived too late to test its operation with other such programs and its price was not mentioned, but Mark at SHARP’s should have the "straight skinny” on price and compati- bility by the time you read this.)

* rn . A firmware/hardware addition for microcomputers that will vastly increase their speed of operation and vereatility so that computers like the QL might become vir- tually obsolescence proof. Leon Heller, editor of QUANTA, has been working on this revolutionary development for some time.

ZBATALINE'’s PACIOLI * * ¥ * 1/2

PACIOLI 1s a double-entry book-keeping system designed to enable the individual or

small-business man to manage his own finances in a comprehensive way with a minimum of effort. PACIOLI ie menu-driven

and straightforward to use, and learning to use PACIOLI is a liberal education in double-entry accounts-keeping. The program also computes several financial ratios such as net profit percentage, capital circula- tion, and annual growth rate. Screen and

printout representations of bar- and pie- graphs are available. The significance of the name PACIOLI escapes me. Distributors should check with me for U.S.A. wholesale

prices. Individuals should check with their distributor or write to Zeataline Projects Ltd., 3 York Close, Washingborough, LINCOLN, LN4, 1SQ, Looks like a winner! About $30.

NEXT TIME: Full information on lots of

exotic new software that is supposed to be on the way,

cre

DBDDESHEEDHDLEDHDYDDDDDDDDLDSDLDHDULDDODLEDDDDDDBIODD

aqcaqacaccacaqauadagccaacacaanadaaaanaancanacaaaanaagaaaaaaaaaacacagacaaaaa:

ABRERABERAUULEREUNLERDEEAOT EEUU DERI RESTREIURRERRERE NERLOEBLANERDRER

Khy the QL?

Now is not the time to give up on the Sinclair CL!

by Mtke de Sosa

A mumber of perple have said that the Sinclaim OL is dendethat there is no point in upgrading to the GL or in sticking vith it any longer! These may-sayers commot be wore urong. Following ore just some of the reosons uty you should uppode to the QL or stick vith its

1, The Sinclair QL package is, quite literally, the best value for soney of ry professional computer,

2, Uther Sincloin computers “would not die,” ond the GL is no exceptionit is still “state of the art.”

3, Second end third-generation @ softuare~far sore cffordkble ond in eory cases better thon aost big nave brondsis nov available, 4, any OL users vho use bigrnase brand winicoaputers ond personal coaputers at virk such prefer the GL for sony reasons,

5, Lovrcust ond imovative GL firsuore ond harduare chich fully utilizes the Gl's great power is only just nov approaching fully developed status, : 6, The O. Users ond Tirkerers Association (RMA) library now proves 28 qua-density flogny disks containing softure ond docusentation of

UL types and descriptions at very lov cost to wesbers—contact Tow Bent betueen 7pe and 16 pa EST ot (381) 7-718? for firther information on QUTR, its excellent eonthly neuslelter, its wassive nesters’ software litrary,

7. The TAS 268 is on excellent computer unich has given us great service, but it locks the necessary capcity to rn cuprebensive datbuse, sprentsheel, deektorpubliching, ced integrated (ultitasked) programs, The GL vith TRAP CARD wes G36K of RAH!

8, Met wears are unnare of or do nat wake full use of the latest OL products vhich con transform operation of the &L to such an extent that it stould be the cospater of choice for aony ol a sacll fraction of the cost of sony Less copahle syste!

“ig To take fuller advantage of your OL, subscribe to TIME DESICHS tayozine (416.95 a yeor for six big issues) ond

purchase Or, Hike de Sosa's excellent book, TAKING THE QUANTUM LEAP, the wost upctosdate book on GL, uritten g in language anyone con understand, ubich explains wang useful things about the OL just not found in Us user guide. & --Piboth ore available from TIHE DESIGHS, 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, Oregons tel, (96%) 824-2658; CompuServe 104 : & 71330,3238, Order both Hoy!

: Buy a QL or two or three of them from your favorite QL dealer while they last! : DESIGNER Z-—looks like the Macintosh!

2999955990900965 37 TEER RIERA

Khy the QL?

Now is not the time to give up on the Sinclair QL!

by Mtke de Sosa

About four years ago I wrote an article for Reader's Digest (never published) about the new Sinclair QL microcomputer. I entitled the article "The First Lightweight, Low-cost Supermicrocomputer," and promised that the QL would soon revolutionize the computer world, including the training of computer users, financing, and logistics. And the QL promised to do just that, but a few things went wrong: early models of the QL and early versions of its bundled software were just not ready for release, resulting in some bad reviews; Sir Clive’s marketing strategy left many things to be desired; the U.S. distributor, though personally helpful to me, was poorly organized and refused to advertise--the statement was made, "We don't need the U.S. market"; the Reagan administration held up FCC clearance for seven months--crucial at the time; computer sales went flat; Sir Clive almost went broke because of his electric tricycle and had to liquidate his QL brainchild; etc.

The Sinclair QL and its bundled software, is now "fully developed” through the efforts of Psion Ltd. and third-party firmware designers, notably Tony Tebby, and its price has dropped from $500 to under $100.

The QL remains the first lightweight, low-cost, supermicrocomputer. Many computer experts--regular users of Apple, IBM, Texas Instrument, and other PCs--have visited me and marvelled at what an intelligently aug- mented QL can do, (They even like tha key~ board and Microdrives--unique to Sinclair-- which many have previously knocked.» When I tell them what the computer and its allied software, firmware, and hardware cost, their jaws really drop! For many of the same reasons that the QL was to have revolutionized the computer world in 1984, it remains an extremely versatile, almost obsolescence-proof computer (remember the term transputer--a new device which will, among many other things, permit the emulation (and input/output to) any type of computer, permitting the true universal— idzation of computers--it's coming soon for the QL.)

What I’m trying to say is that the QL is an excellent machine that, when properly upgraded, will allow you ta join the computer revolution and remain "state of the

art" for the foreseeable future--and this at the very lowest cost!

Many other reasons for sticking with or upgrading to the QL are listed on the facing page, and I could go on listing them all day, mainly in connection with the many out- standing classic and new software programs now available. Did you hear that Psion Ltd's QL CHESS, running on the QL, won the Vorld Microcomputer Chess Championship for the third time?

LOW-COST JS ROM WOW AVAILABLE

One problem with U.S. QL’s is that they are furnished with JSU ROM chips rather than JS ROM chips. The former cause certain graphic distortions/relocations with some software, for example GRAPHIQL+, VROOM!, PROJECT PLANNER, DECISION MAKER, etc,, thus limiting their use. Replacement JS ROM chips are now available for about $25, and for about $35 you can have the JS ROM plus built-in TOOLKIT II, or ICE, or QfLlash RAKDISK & TOOLKIT (no, you must furnish these chips)? on EPROM. For another $10, RMG Enterprises, tel. (503) 765-2455, will even install it in your QL or a new QL, but I understand that this is a snap, requiring less than ten minutes work and no soldering. Have it put in a new QL, and buy yourself a spare QL--with JS ROM--today, the price my mever be lower. Check with your favorite QL distributor for exact prices, etc

KEEP IN TOUCH

The Ultinate QL Terminal

USS$I19.95 # 3.66 shipping f{specify mediur]

Meta Media Productions 726-HWest 17th Vancouver BC

Canada VS2 iT?

PAGE DESIGNER 2

TREE tout COITIMOR fort | SANESERIF font PAGE DESIGNER 2 is a radically changed SIRURRD font sata re y change! Trretint taba fant and greatly enhanced commercial version of patie are

the QUANTA library's original PAGB DESIGNER

a (see Tine Designs, Jan/Feb 1988, p. 38). atont Melt teat Pe a PD2 requires at least 256K of additional RAM

HUEES EOS aot compatible with the originalprogras, STANDARD 8990 OUTLINE vaderstana ‘aedeasy “tevuse. Hew gestures BROADWAY_ENGR OATAIG menory, tovstere ae’ weny ae nine cea?) BOLDSTANDARD COLNMTODUN pages, to import QUILL _doc files into

Gultiple automatic or manually defined = OCNIPA FUTURHUSPLAY TIMES

columns, new column justification options,

word or character microspacing by pixel, new Trace text ond hires fente ane all supplied a: stand vith Pogo Gesigner 2, text and hires fonts, multi-pass printing En Tan ae ea ye ae ane ui th perth! acing and multiple copy options, improved text

typing, and many others. CUT & PASTE NEXT TIME: “Upgrading Your QL," more HOT operations are very fast and versatile. PD2 TIPS, and more exotic wares for your QL.

is available from SHARP’s for under $60,

DESIGNING WINDOWS a QL program by P. Bingham

No @L graphics discussion would be complete without mention of the GL’s marvelous windowing

With the power allowed by virtue of Super- @L can handle many windows, t: aint programmer, he (or only dreamed of in other

Sinclair .

But during programming, the actual DESIGNING of a window usually goes something like this: 1) type in WINDOW command with the four parameters sets 2) realize it isn't long enough on the screen} 3) type in another WINDOW Commands 4) now it is way too longs type in another WINDOW command with an in-betw paramete: now what was the original ue? 6) st. throwing things.

A couple of years ago, ran across a litt program) written by Jam Lucy in the British LISTING 1 publication, GL WORLD. OL WORLD is great for @L

lovers and is still worth the rather steep “poor-ex- 10 REMark DESIGNING WINDOWS

thange-rate-induced” price of four bucks an issue 20:

from the few U.S. dealers who stock it. Janes Lucy's 30 MODE 512:WINDOW 512,256,0,0:PAPER 4:0VER-1:CLS:i=3:0=7 program was # quick little window editor #or monitor 40 REPeat new_window

owners. I have modified it quite « bit ¢#rom the 50 x=440:y=210: p=30: q=20: windows

original (Listing 1) 60 REPeat outline

The program is simple. Just type it in as is and 70 a=CODE( INKEY$(-1)) run it. It will draw the outlines of a window. The: 80 windows

by using the arrow keys, this window #ri can be 90 SELect ON =

moved around the screen. (If you bump into the screen 100 =240:0=7

edge it won't go any further.) By holding the CONTROL key down, the arrow keys will cause the box to shrink or swell to the desired size. The program soves the frame in steps of seven, but for fine tuning, just hit F1 and you may proceed a pixel at atime. To set it back to seven just hit F3. When you have what you want, hit the TABULATE key and the exact WINDOW Parameters will be printed for you in the center of the screen. You may keep drawing various sized window frames over » or hit ESC and the screen will c dy to go again. The program alters each nt #rame color so you can d

:INK 7:CLS:PRINT x!y!p!ta!

tinguish fly. Once in a while, two over- 230 WINDOW 512, 256,0,0:0=7:i=i+2:1F i=: lapping lines cancel each other. Not to worry, just 240 NEXT new_window hit an arrow key or TABULATE. 250 END SELect

Well, ¢ire up those @Ls and start some fancy 260 windows “indow =programming again now that you have no 270 END REPeat outline excuses! This program will help with header blocks 280 DEFine PROCedure windows and thin shadow line parameters as well, so go do 290 BLOCK x,1,p,q,i:BLOCK x, 1,p,aty-l,i something to make that black d white MACINTOSH 300 BLOCK 1,y¥-2,p,q+1,4:BLOCK 1,y-2,p+x-1,a+l.i Screen next door turn green with envy and your 310 END DEFine windows

cousin’s BIG BLUE turn even bluer.

(716) 834-1716

Call or write for a free catalog of products fo

af

(716) 834-1716

r the Timex Computer

the

CLASSIFIED

FREE ADS FOR SUBSCRIBERS

#0 TEE SHIRTS-STILL AVAILABLE ## SUNSTATE T/S WINTERFEST ‘68. Collectables, Official T-shirt, *8 sizes Sm, Med, Lg., call after Spm EDT. for info: (305) 860-2465.

WANTED: MIDI SOFTWARE for composing, editing, playing and printing on the Sinclair QL. Reginald Cottle, 840 Eglinton Ave. West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, WSN-1G1, (416) 785-3987.

FOR SALE: PORTUGESE TIMEX 2068 computer, very rare U.S. Model, 2040 printer, 2020 recorder, Zx81, programs, more. Send for list. Dave Maccarone, 67 Bradley Ct., Fall River, MA 02720, (617) 678-2110.

FOR SALE: BYTE BACK PARALLEL I/F for the TS2068. $40 ppd. Ted Dupar, 21696 Cabrosa, Mission Viejo, CA 92691, (714) 583-9763.

FOR SALE: BYTE BACK RS-232 with documentation. New, never used, just sat in drawer. New was 670, Yours for just *35. David Hartman, 2 Gillis Road, Portsmouth, VA 23702.

FOR SALE: TS2048 w/modified keybd, including monitor, 2 print I/F's & Disk I/F. Lots of books & software. $150. Loren Latker, 10634 Valparaiso #32, Los Angeles, CA 90034, (213) SSB-1127,

WANTED: BACK ISSUES OF T/S MAGS. (@ZxX, SYNTAX, TOM, SUM, SINCUS, T/S USER, etc.) Also: schematic, Owner Manual for TSi500. Send list/prices to: D. Smith, R.415 Stone St., Johnstown, PA 15906.

WANTED: TS2068 EXTENSION CABLE for peripherals (rear dock connection) or information as to where the parts for same can be obtained. John Deering, 136 Neverbreak Dr., Hendersonville, TN 37075.

WANTED: A ROMPACK EPRON with both 2X Pro/File and Guickload on the Same cart. Warren Jackson, 11191 Edgemere Terrace, Roscoe, IL 61073. After S CST, (815) 623-6937.

3 WESTRIDGE MODEM BOARDS, with schenatica...830. Can be used for RS-232 Interface project in Vol.2 No.3 of TDM.

Bill Ferrebee, 749 Hill St. #6, Parkersburg, WV 26104,

WANTED: @UADRA CHART and PC-DRAW software for TS2068. FOR SALE: I/F bardware/software for 2068 4-color plotting w/Commodore 1520. John McMichael, 1710 Palmer Dr., Laramie, WY 82070.

SINCUS NEWS-86/6 issues @ 2068 oriented, subscriber news, tips, swaps, how to check to SINCUS NEWS, 1229 Rhodes Rd, Johnson City, NY 13790. A non profit hobby group since 19¢2.

FOR SALE: 1 TSi000 w/16K & SW, wimonitor kit, 1 T$Z2068 used, & 1 TS2068 new, 1 182040 and also 1 TS2050 modem. Also have new SW in box's, will sell or trade (for list, send S.A.S.E,) R Burt, PO Box 157, Belleville, Ontario, Canada KeN-425.

WANTED: COPIES OF THE FOLLOWING

articles from SINCUS on “Comput,

Interruptus*...Part 1 to 5S (May> to Feb 86). Renato Zannese, 615

Roding Street, Downsview, Ontar> Canada, M3M-2A6.

WANTED: INTERFACE ONE with mand For ZX SPECTRUM 46K. Call or wr John A. Byrne, Rt.3 box 342, Cr‘ ville, TN 38501, (615) S26-791«

WANTED: HOT-Z II with doces original TS1S00 Owner Manuals #¢ 2068 with docs (good condition used Byte Back MD2 mod (2K), G. Tripptree, 180 Summit Cirel Little Ferry, NJ 07643,

FOR SALE: TAX-I-GL/87 templatecr 1987 taxes on a 256K GL. Info SE or $24.95 #rom EMSOFT, Box 876: Boston, MA 02114,

NEED HELP: Converting the grap section of the TS1000 program “Stock Market Tech Analysis I* (Timex), over to the TS2068. palé Weiler, 4641 Kawanee Ave, Metaie LA 70006.

FOR SALE: ZEBRA 3-PIECE FDD DI: DRIVE SYSTEM for the TS2068. 60. Larry Kenny, RRAZ Navan, Ontary Canada K4B-1H9, (613) 835-2680

HOME COMPUTER REPAIRS Write For Prices. Dan Ellioteé Rt £ Box £47 Cabool, MO 65689 (3L4) 739-1742

Do you have some equipment or a program that you would like to sell? Looking for something hard to find? Place an ad in THE CLASSIFIEDS! Subscribers can place one free personal ad in cach issue. Ad size is 32 Col. wide (like 2040 paper) and maximum of six lines. For additional line. - $3 each. NON-SUBSCRIBERS and DEALERS: $4 a line. DEADLINE FOR ALL CLASSIFIED ADS: Two weeks before publication date. Mail your ad to:

IGNS MAGAZINE, The Classifieds Dept., 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, Oregon 97017.

Nira SPRING PERIPHERAL SALE — TRUNPCARD GL 299,

GLENDALE AZ 853125607 88 ial a

HQ2-9762502 ERIFPING THC: UNGER e a iy a par ; PSION ORGANISER CM $208 ALO 46.08 OLER 5: : § 159,95

PRINTERS. MONITORS CITIZEN 1200 $169.95 AVATEX 12008 982,95 PSION PCA ee

CITIZEN 180D 189.95 AVATEX 1200P 119.95 jne op gw ann HW FOR EPSON LX 800 209.95 eee 289.95 mex 100) AND 2068 AND OKIDATA 182 234.95 SPECTRUM

“SEIKOSHA 120088 209.95 CL WORLD $4.00 ere oe carping FIR VS

PANASONIC {080IM2 194.95 SINCLAIR USER 4.00 oy ign pron COMOOURE STAR NXIOOO =—-199.95 PC AMSTRAD EE 7.00 ann AISTRAD? 25" cio NB 2410 24PIN 499.95 CONMODORE USER 4.00 ee

‘ AND ic w SERIAL, ALL OTHERS paraLLEL COMPUTER VIDEO 4,00 pci tase

LARKEN troduces

256K for Your TS-2068

sescnoenee NEW LARKEN RAMDISK #ekexHx" — Now you can expand yor 2068 to up to 256K of nonvolatile Ram with the New Larken Randisk system. The Randisk system consists of the Larken LKDOS Ex-Basic cartridge and a rear aounted eens neror' beard The LKDOS operating system uses all the standard Basic commends to operate the Rardisk such as LOAD SAVE CAT KERGE FORMAT E etc, so its as easy to use as a cassette or Floppy disk. The Rasdisk penory bo board uses the new 32K x 8 static ram chips (62256-LP) and cones with 64K of Ram. You can add sore chips for up to Battery Backed up. Very Fast and reliable. Its fully Spectrum and 0S-64 and floppy disk Cony atable (Larken, Ranex or liger). Tape backup program ancls

RICE : RarDisk with 64K, and LXDOS Ex-basic Cartridge .. seve $129.95

seen 400K 206H/Spectrus Floppy disk Interface xx*x#*x4 The disk interface can support up to 4 - 3” to 5.25" SS DS or Quad (800K) drives. wal Shap shot cfea button and KEMPSTON joystick port are on the disk Interface. It can

mattis; 95 + $179.95

eupppee —AERCOQ-RAMEX or siieed disk users #¥4282%x# You can now have LKDOS for your disk IF for Spectrua, OS-64 and Larken disk compatability and also RanDisk Capability. An KM button can be added for Snapshot merory saves. Algo ace of all LiDOS Exrbasic comands including “108, SAVE,CAT, FORMAT, MERGE ERASE, PILL WINDOWS, ete, Sead for info. ~~ PRICE: LKDOS (Aerco Ramex or Oliger) 5

-- Spectrua Enulator added to any preduct above o 00

banter be LkDOs Sire ren (al) software will run on any Lkdos based floppy disk or randisk or coabin: tpi 5.25" disk,or on cassette .)

COUT IRE ee Ss sito t rote = This ram based Lkdos extension a ee egntial Hles. 2 be Opened, closed, written to or read froa us. Basic commands OPEN, CLOSE, PRINT#, INPUTR, REISY

~ XHODEN to LKDOS ai PACKAGE - Lets you up or down load 2050 noden files ‘iteslly to ae vith out any puter sie jdestattons. Te Transait wy pecieve files a3 large as 100K. Lkdos users can send entire NHI saves over the modea, Mini erpinal ~ LKDOS DISK EDITOR’ -"this progran lets you nodify any block on the disk, sap out bad blocks , reforsat single tracks and gore, Complete documentation on Lkdos operation and accessing the dos fron nachine code is’ included. 2 $15

ALL PRICES ARE $US ADD $5 S&H FOR HARDWARE ADD $2 S&H FOR SOFTRARE LARKEN ELECTRONICS —-RR#2 NAVAN, ONTARIO, CANADA, K4B-1H9, (613)-835-2680

1X PRO/FILE (Prod& TSLPF) $19.95 (151000). A aachine language information storage and retrieval tool for 16-64k. Written by Thosas B. Woods. Multi-vord search capability, instant file access, ordered displays, definable printer functions, totally flexible file size, 59 page tutorial manual. This

is the finest data base program ever vritten for the 1S1000/1500 and Sinclair uel.

ACZ GENERAL LEDGER 1.000 (Prod# ACZ1) $19.95 (751000). An accounting systea which is designed to meet the accounting needs of a saall business.

ACT GENERAL LEDGER 2.000 (Prod# ACZ22) $19.95 (152068). An accounting systea designed for the saall business. The ACZ 2.000 is flexibly designed so the reports fit your business vhether it is a proprietorship, partnership or corporation. There's plenty of capacity vith up to 150 named accounts and up to 800 entries and accounts each aonth. Includes a 20 page eanual that vill get you up and going inno tiae. For use vith the T2068, a 2040 printer is optional.

COLONIZE THE UNIVERSE (Prodé TS2COL) $16.95 (TS2068). Winning this game requires cunning, poise and a bit of luck. Try to build up your space colony in order to survive. Fuel and food are scarce and must be vatched constantly in order to survive. Aliens, Black Holes, Super Nova Explosions and Tiae Warps are also abundant. This game is just like a galactic Monopoly game, It's great fun and provides hours of entertainsent! We highly recoaaend this game!

THE DEALER’S DEN (Prod# TS2DEN) $16.95 (152068). If you love to play poker than this is the prograa for you. You play Draw Poker as you have seen in the arcade gases at your local night club. You can also play four hands of Drav Poker against the dealer's one hand. Great Graphics sake this software package a aust for any computerist who loves Poker! Contains two prograas: THE DEALER'S DEN and ORAW POKER.

PROFILE 2068 (Prod# TS2PF) $29.95 (152068). A professional file and database fanager for the 2058, Instructions are displayed on the screen and guide you through the steps. After you have saved sone files, you can access thea by typing in any vord, or group of nuabers in that file. A 100+ page aanual is included detailing the many uses - with instructions for use vith a full size

printer. The best data base systea available for the 182068. Just ask anyone vho uses it.

Please include $2.95 per order for shipping. NY residents add sales tax. Please aail your order to the above address. We accept checks, KasterCard, Visa and COD orders. A fee of $1.90 vill be added to COD orders. All in stock items vill be shipped vithin 24 hours of receipt of order. Please use Prodé when ordering. Thanks for making us you T/S Software supplier!

AC2Z General Ledger

Colonize the Universe

The Dealer's Den

PRO/FILE 2068

Send for a copy of our free catalog!